NPRO 1100, EXAM 2
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia - ANSWERS-causes:
dehydration, heatstroke, diabetes insipidus
signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes, irritability,
hallucinations, restlessness
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypokalemia - ANSWERS-causes: GI
fluid loss, bulimia, metabolic acidosis
signs and symptoms: irregular/weak pulse, EKG changes, muscle weakness,
decreased bowel motility
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSWERS-causes:
kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis
signs and symptoms: bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, irritability
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypocalemia - ANSWERS-causes:
hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, malabsorption
signs and symptoms: numbness, tingling of extremities, positive trousseau and
chvostek signs
,what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypercalcemia - ANSWERS-causes:
hypoparathyroidism, malignant bone disease, prolonged immobilization
signs and symptoms: muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, stupor
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypomagnesemia - ANSWERS-causes:
alcoholism, malabsorption, chronic laxative use
signs and symptoms, neuromuscular excitement, muscle spasms, confusion,
insomnia
what does urine specific gravity (SG) measure and what are the normal ranges -
ANSWERS-measures concentration of solutes in urine
normal range: 1.005-1.030
what does BUN measure and what are the normal ranges - ANSWERS-measures
amount of urea in the bloodstream
normal range: 7-20 mg/dL
, what is creatinine and what are the normal ranges - ANSWERS-indicator of renal
function
breakdown product of muscle metabolism
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
what does hematocrit measure and what are the normal ranges - ANSWERS-
measures the percentage of RBC in whole blood volume
normal ranges: 40%-50% for males
35%-45% for females
sodium ranges - ANSWERS-135-145 mEq/L
potassium ranges - ANSWERS-3.5-5 mEq/L
calcium ranges - ANSWERS-8.5-10.5 mEq/L
magnesium ranges - ANSWERS-1.5-2.3 mEq/L
O2 sat ranges - ANSWERS-95-100%
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia - ANSWERS-causes:
dehydration, heatstroke, diabetes insipidus
signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes, irritability,
hallucinations, restlessness
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypokalemia - ANSWERS-causes: GI
fluid loss, bulimia, metabolic acidosis
signs and symptoms: irregular/weak pulse, EKG changes, muscle weakness,
decreased bowel motility
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSWERS-causes:
kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis
signs and symptoms: bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, irritability
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypocalemia - ANSWERS-causes:
hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, malabsorption
signs and symptoms: numbness, tingling of extremities, positive trousseau and
chvostek signs
,what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypercalcemia - ANSWERS-causes:
hypoparathyroidism, malignant bone disease, prolonged immobilization
signs and symptoms: muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, stupor
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypomagnesemia - ANSWERS-causes:
alcoholism, malabsorption, chronic laxative use
signs and symptoms, neuromuscular excitement, muscle spasms, confusion,
insomnia
what does urine specific gravity (SG) measure and what are the normal ranges -
ANSWERS-measures concentration of solutes in urine
normal range: 1.005-1.030
what does BUN measure and what are the normal ranges - ANSWERS-measures
amount of urea in the bloodstream
normal range: 7-20 mg/dL
, what is creatinine and what are the normal ranges - ANSWERS-indicator of renal
function
breakdown product of muscle metabolism
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
what does hematocrit measure and what are the normal ranges - ANSWERS-
measures the percentage of RBC in whole blood volume
normal ranges: 40%-50% for males
35%-45% for females
sodium ranges - ANSWERS-135-145 mEq/L
potassium ranges - ANSWERS-3.5-5 mEq/L
calcium ranges - ANSWERS-8.5-10.5 mEq/L
magnesium ranges - ANSWERS-1.5-2.3 mEq/L
O2 sat ranges - ANSWERS-95-100%
