NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 LATEST
2024-2025 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|AGRADE
Indication for arterial line placement? -Answer- ✔Hemodynamic monitoring
Multiple blood samples
Diagnostic or interventional radiology procedures
Continuous cardiac output monitoring
What test must be preformed prior to an arterial line placement? -Answer- ✔Allen's test
How often should a fast flush test be preformed? -Answer- ✔Every 8 hours
After blood draws
If the hemodynamic status changes
When changing tubing
What are the most common sites for arterial line insertion? -Answer- ✔Radial
Femoral
Axillary
Dorsalis Pedis
Brachial Arteries
Positioning for radial arterial line placement: -Answer- ✔30-60 degrees of dorsiflexion
with the aid of a roll of gauze and an armband.
Avoid hyperabduction of the thumb.
How often should the atrial line catheter be changed out? -Answer- ✔Every 7 days
Causes of inaccuracy in arterial line readings: -Answer- ✔Air bubbles in the catheter
system
Failure to zero the transducer air-fluid interface
Blood in the catheter system
Blood clot at the catheter tip
Kinking of the tubing system
Catheter tip lodging against the arterial wall
Soft, compliant tubing
Long tubing
Too many stopckcks (>3)
What is the pathology of afterload? -Answer- ✔The pressure in which the heart must
pump against in order to eject blood during systole.
Medications that reduce afterload/preload include? -Answer- ✔Vasodilators
What is the pathology of preload? -Answer- ✔The filling pressure of the heart at end of
diastole.
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
,NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -Answer- ✔Resistance the left ventricle
must overcome to open the aortic valve and eject a volume of blood into systemic
circulation.
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is used for what calculations? -Answer- ✔Blood
pressure
Blood flow
Cardiac function
What is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)? -Answer- ✔Resistacne the right ventricle
must overcome to open the pulmonic valve and eject a volume of blood in the
pulmonary vasculature.
What is pulmonarartery occlusion pressure (PAOP)? -Answer- ✔The pressure created
by the volume of blood that remains in the left heart at end-diastole.
Inotropic drugs mode of action: -Answer- ✔Negative inotropic drugs weaken the force of
muscular contractions.
Positive inotropic drugs increase the strength of muscular contractions.
Inotropic drug examples: -Answer- ✔Dobutamine
Digoxin
Milrinone
Dopamine
Vasodilator mode of actions: -Answer- ✔Relaxes the smooth muscles of the blood
vessels opening them up.
Vasodilator drug examples: -Answer- ✔CCBS:
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Nitrates:
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)
ACE:
Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Kayexalate -Answer- ✔Exchanges K+ ions for Na+
Excess K+ ions are fecally excreted
Calcium Gluconate -Answer- ✔Prevents and treats cardiac toxicity related to increased
K+ levels
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
, NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
What is the purpose of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)? -Answer-
✔Dialysis
This is a blood filtering therapy that replaced the normal blood-filtering function of the
kidneys in patients with renal failure and acute kidney injuries.
The prerenal system -Answer- ✔Delivers blood to the kidneys.
A prerenal block is: -Answer- ✔An interruption on the way to the kidneys.
The intrarenal system -Answer- ✔Processes ultra-filtrate by tubular secretion & re-
absorption.
An intrarenal block is: -Answer- ✔Direct damage to the kidneys.
The postrenal system -Answer- ✔Excretes kidney waste products through the ureters,
bladder, and urethra.
A postrenal block is: -Answer- ✔Obstruction of urine output.
Causes:
Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones
Bladder tumor
Bladder injury
S/SX of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔<400 mL/24hr
Increase BUN, Cr, uric acid, K, Mg
Metabolic Acidosis
S/SX of the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Urine output 1-
3L/day
Decreased K & Na
S/SX of the risk stage of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Cr >1.5xbaseline
Urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6+ hours
S/SX of the injury stage of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Cr >2xbaseline
Urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 12+ hours
S/SX of the risk failure of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Cr >3xbaseline
Urine output <0.3ml/kg/hr for 12+ hours
Priority assessment findings of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Respiratory:
Crackles
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 LATEST
2024-2025 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|AGRADE
Indication for arterial line placement? -Answer- ✔Hemodynamic monitoring
Multiple blood samples
Diagnostic or interventional radiology procedures
Continuous cardiac output monitoring
What test must be preformed prior to an arterial line placement? -Answer- ✔Allen's test
How often should a fast flush test be preformed? -Answer- ✔Every 8 hours
After blood draws
If the hemodynamic status changes
When changing tubing
What are the most common sites for arterial line insertion? -Answer- ✔Radial
Femoral
Axillary
Dorsalis Pedis
Brachial Arteries
Positioning for radial arterial line placement: -Answer- ✔30-60 degrees of dorsiflexion
with the aid of a roll of gauze and an armband.
Avoid hyperabduction of the thumb.
How often should the atrial line catheter be changed out? -Answer- ✔Every 7 days
Causes of inaccuracy in arterial line readings: -Answer- ✔Air bubbles in the catheter
system
Failure to zero the transducer air-fluid interface
Blood in the catheter system
Blood clot at the catheter tip
Kinking of the tubing system
Catheter tip lodging against the arterial wall
Soft, compliant tubing
Long tubing
Too many stopckcks (>3)
What is the pathology of afterload? -Answer- ✔The pressure in which the heart must
pump against in order to eject blood during systole.
Medications that reduce afterload/preload include? -Answer- ✔Vasodilators
What is the pathology of preload? -Answer- ✔The filling pressure of the heart at end of
diastole.
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
,NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -Answer- ✔Resistance the left ventricle
must overcome to open the aortic valve and eject a volume of blood into systemic
circulation.
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is used for what calculations? -Answer- ✔Blood
pressure
Blood flow
Cardiac function
What is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)? -Answer- ✔Resistacne the right ventricle
must overcome to open the pulmonic valve and eject a volume of blood in the
pulmonary vasculature.
What is pulmonarartery occlusion pressure (PAOP)? -Answer- ✔The pressure created
by the volume of blood that remains in the left heart at end-diastole.
Inotropic drugs mode of action: -Answer- ✔Negative inotropic drugs weaken the force of
muscular contractions.
Positive inotropic drugs increase the strength of muscular contractions.
Inotropic drug examples: -Answer- ✔Dobutamine
Digoxin
Milrinone
Dopamine
Vasodilator mode of actions: -Answer- ✔Relaxes the smooth muscles of the blood
vessels opening them up.
Vasodilator drug examples: -Answer- ✔CCBS:
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Nitrates:
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)
ACE:
Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Kayexalate -Answer- ✔Exchanges K+ ions for Na+
Excess K+ ions are fecally excreted
Calcium Gluconate -Answer- ✔Prevents and treats cardiac toxicity related to increased
K+ levels
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
, NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
What is the purpose of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)? -Answer-
✔Dialysis
This is a blood filtering therapy that replaced the normal blood-filtering function of the
kidneys in patients with renal failure and acute kidney injuries.
The prerenal system -Answer- ✔Delivers blood to the kidneys.
A prerenal block is: -Answer- ✔An interruption on the way to the kidneys.
The intrarenal system -Answer- ✔Processes ultra-filtrate by tubular secretion & re-
absorption.
An intrarenal block is: -Answer- ✔Direct damage to the kidneys.
The postrenal system -Answer- ✔Excretes kidney waste products through the ureters,
bladder, and urethra.
A postrenal block is: -Answer- ✔Obstruction of urine output.
Causes:
Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones
Bladder tumor
Bladder injury
S/SX of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔<400 mL/24hr
Increase BUN, Cr, uric acid, K, Mg
Metabolic Acidosis
S/SX of the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Urine output 1-
3L/day
Decreased K & Na
S/SX of the risk stage of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Cr >1.5xbaseline
Urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6+ hours
S/SX of the injury stage of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Cr >2xbaseline
Urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 12+ hours
S/SX of the risk failure of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Cr >3xbaseline
Urine output <0.3ml/kg/hr for 12+ hours
Priority assessment findings of acute kidney injury (AKI): -Answer- ✔Respiratory:
Crackles
NR 341/ NR341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2
