BIOS 251 Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3 updated 2024 with correct answers

Identify which bones form by intramembranous ossification - ANS: -flat bones of the skull -most of the facial bones -mandible (lower jawbone) -medial part of the clavicle (collar bone) Describe the process of endochondral ossification - ANS: -Bones develop from cartilage models -Center of ossification first appears in diaphysis -Centers of ossification then develop in epiphyses Describe calcification of bones and identify when it occurs - ANS: -process in which calcium builds up in body tissue, causing the tissue to harden. -can be a normal or abnormal process. -is initiated by bone‐building cells called osteoblasts Describe what happens when the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone - ANS: Epiphyseal line (bone) replaces epiphyseal plate (cartilage) when growth ceases Greenstick fracture - ANS: -A partial fracture -One side of the bone is broken and the other side bends -Occurs only in children, bones are not fully ossified and contain more organic material than inorganic material. Spiral fracture - ANS: -Complete fracture -Occur when the bone affected is twisted apart, as a result of an excessive twisting force to the bone -Complete fractures are categorized based on the way the bone breaks. Transverse fracture - ANS: -Bone breaks at right angle to long plane of bone -Result of strong force applied perpendicular to long axis of bone Commissural fracture - ANS: -Bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces at the site of impact -Smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments