NHA CCMA NUTRITION EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+)

NHA CCMA NUTRITION EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) BMI 18.5 - Answers Underweight BMI 18.5-24.9 - Answers Healthy weight BMI 25.0-29.0 - Answers Overweight BMI 30.0 - Answers Obese Vitamin A - Answers Retinol Night vision, cell growth/maintenance, health of skin/mucous membranes Milk fat, meat, butter, leafy vegetables, egg yolks, fish oil, yellow-orange fruits Vitamin B1 - Answers Thiamine Carbohydrate metabolism; heart, nerve, muscle function Whole grains, meat, legumes, nuts, seeds, yeast, rice Vitamin B2 - Answers Riboflavin Fat and protein metabolism Organ meat, dairy products, fortified grains, leafy vegetables, eggs Vitamin B3 - Answers Niacin Carbohydrate and fat metabolism Fish, meat, poultry, fortified grains Vitamin B6 - Answers Pyridoxine Enzyme assistance in AA synthesis Fish, meat, poultry, grains, nuts, beans, legumes, avocados, bananas, prunes Vitamin B12 - Answers Cobalamins Protein and fat metabolism, nerve-cell maintenance, cell development Meats, seafood, dairy products, eggs, molasses, yeast Vitamin C - Answers Ascorbic acid Immunity, iron absorption, structure of bones/muscle/ blood vessels Berries, citrus, green peppers, mangoes, broccoli, potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes Vitamin D - Answers Calciferol Calcium absorption, bone/ tooth structure, support of heart/nerve function Sunlight, fortified milk, eggs, fish, butter, liver Vitamin E - Answers Protection of cells from destruction, formation of blood cells Fortified cereal, nuts, vegetable oils, leafy vegetables Folate - Answers Maintenance of red blood cells, genetic material, development Liver, leafy vegetables, beans, asparagus, legumes, some fruits Vitamin K - Answers Normal blood clotting, bone growth Leafy vegetables, dairy and grain products, meat, eggs, fruits Pantothenic acid - Answers Release of energy from carbs/fats Meat, grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables Fat-soluble vitamins - Answers ADEK Water-soluble vitamins - Answers B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, C Calcium - Answers Bone/tooth development, nerve/muscle function, normal blood clotting Dairy products, leafy vegetables, broccoli, kale, almonds, fortified cereal Magnesium - Answers Carb/protein metabolism, muscle contraction and structure Legumes, nuts, bananas, whole grains, leafy vegetables Phosphorus - Answers Formation/maintenance of bones/teeth, energy production Meat, fish, dairy products, eggs, legumes, whole grains, carbonated beverages Potassium - Answers Muscle contraction, fluid balance, nerve/muscle/heart function Vegetables, meat, dairy products, legumes, molasses, peanut butter, potatoes Sodium - Answers Fluid balance, glucose transport, acid-base balance, muscle/nerve function Salt Iron - Answers Formation of Hgb in RBCs for oxygen transport, contributor to enzymes/ protein Meat (organ meats), fortified cereals, leafy vegetables, molasses, legumes, dried fruit Major minerals - Answers 100 mg Ca, Na, K, P, Mg Trace minerals - Answers 20 mg Fe, I, Zn, Cu, Se, Cr, Mn, Mb Essential nutrients - Answers nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food nonessential nutrients - Answers nutrients that can be made in sufficient quantities in the body to meet the body's requirements and support health Percent of water in the human body - Answers 50-80% Functions of water - Answers Transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body, removing wastes, regulating body temperature, basic component of blood and bodily fluid How much water do we lose every day? - Answers mL/day How much water should you drink a day? - Answers 2-3 L (64-96 oz) Dehydration effects - Answers Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, loss of balance, delirium, exhaustion Effects of drinking too much water - Answers Should not cause harm b/c eliminated in urine, but in athletes and infants can cause hyponatremia nonessential amino acids - Answers amino acids that the body can synthesize Conditional amino acids - Answers are usually not essential, except in times of illness and stress Functions of proteins - Answers Repair and building of tissue, can use for energy, structure, fluid balance, creation of transport molecules 1 g of protein = ? kcal - Answers 4 kcal Effects of too little protein - Answers Weight loss, malnutrition, fatigue, increased susceptibility to infection