NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers | Latest Update |
2024/2025 | Rated A+
What is the primary role of sodium in the body?
✔✔Sodium is essential for maintaining fluid balance and nerve conduction.
How does hyperkalemia affect cardiac function?
✔✔Hyperkalemia can lead to potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and muscle
weakness.
What are the common symptoms of dehydration?
✔✔Symptoms include thirst, dry mouth, decreased urine output, and dizziness.
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury?
✔✔Acute kidney injury is often caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys, such as from
dehydration or sepsis.
What dietary modifications can help manage chronic kidney disease?
1
,✔✔Reducing protein, sodium, and potassium intake can help manage chronic kidney disease.
What is the significance of the JVP (jugular venous pressure) assessment?
✔✔JVP provides information about fluid status and heart function, particularly in heart failure.
How can you identify a patient at risk for developing heart failure?
✔✔Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and a history of myocardial infarction.
What is a key indicator of fluid overload in a patient?
✔✔Weight gain, swelling in the extremities, and shortness of breath are indicators of fluid
overload.
What is the first-line treatment for hypertension?
✔✔Lifestyle modifications, including diet changes and increased physical activity, are first-line
treatments.
What does a 12-lead EKG measure?
2
,✔✔A 12-lead EKG measures the electrical activity of the heart and can identify arrhythmias and
myocardial infarction.
What does ST elevation on an EKG typically indicate?
✔✔ST elevation often indicates acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) or pericarditis.
How can fluid balance be assessed in a clinical setting?
✔✔Fluid balance can be assessed through daily weights, input and output charts, and clinical
signs of dehydration or overload.
What are the consequences of hypomagnesemia?
✔✔Hypomagnesemia can lead to muscle cramps, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis?
✔✔The body compensates by increasing renal bicarbonate retention to balance pH levels.
What role does calcium play in the cardiovascular system?
✔✔Calcium is crucial for muscle contraction, including the contraction of the heart muscle.
3
, What are the key characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?
✔✔Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
What is the purpose of a cardiac stress test?
✔✔A cardiac stress test evaluates the heart's response to physical exertion and identifies
potential coronary artery disease.
What does T-wave inversion on an EKG signify?
✔✔T-wave inversion may indicate myocardial ischemia or electrolyte imbalances.
What are the most common electrolyte imbalances in patients with renal failure?
✔✔Common imbalances include hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
What is the function of the kidneys in fluid regulation?
✔✔The kidneys regulate fluid balance by adjusting the excretion or reabsorption of water and
electrolytes.
4
Questions and Answers | Latest Update |
2024/2025 | Rated A+
What is the primary role of sodium in the body?
✔✔Sodium is essential for maintaining fluid balance and nerve conduction.
How does hyperkalemia affect cardiac function?
✔✔Hyperkalemia can lead to potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and muscle
weakness.
What are the common symptoms of dehydration?
✔✔Symptoms include thirst, dry mouth, decreased urine output, and dizziness.
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury?
✔✔Acute kidney injury is often caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys, such as from
dehydration or sepsis.
What dietary modifications can help manage chronic kidney disease?
1
,✔✔Reducing protein, sodium, and potassium intake can help manage chronic kidney disease.
What is the significance of the JVP (jugular venous pressure) assessment?
✔✔JVP provides information about fluid status and heart function, particularly in heart failure.
How can you identify a patient at risk for developing heart failure?
✔✔Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and a history of myocardial infarction.
What is a key indicator of fluid overload in a patient?
✔✔Weight gain, swelling in the extremities, and shortness of breath are indicators of fluid
overload.
What is the first-line treatment for hypertension?
✔✔Lifestyle modifications, including diet changes and increased physical activity, are first-line
treatments.
What does a 12-lead EKG measure?
2
,✔✔A 12-lead EKG measures the electrical activity of the heart and can identify arrhythmias and
myocardial infarction.
What does ST elevation on an EKG typically indicate?
✔✔ST elevation often indicates acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) or pericarditis.
How can fluid balance be assessed in a clinical setting?
✔✔Fluid balance can be assessed through daily weights, input and output charts, and clinical
signs of dehydration or overload.
What are the consequences of hypomagnesemia?
✔✔Hypomagnesemia can lead to muscle cramps, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis?
✔✔The body compensates by increasing renal bicarbonate retention to balance pH levels.
What role does calcium play in the cardiovascular system?
✔✔Calcium is crucial for muscle contraction, including the contraction of the heart muscle.
3
, What are the key characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?
✔✔Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
What is the purpose of a cardiac stress test?
✔✔A cardiac stress test evaluates the heart's response to physical exertion and identifies
potential coronary artery disease.
What does T-wave inversion on an EKG signify?
✔✔T-wave inversion may indicate myocardial ischemia or electrolyte imbalances.
What are the most common electrolyte imbalances in patients with renal failure?
✔✔Common imbalances include hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
What is the function of the kidneys in fluid regulation?
✔✔The kidneys regulate fluid balance by adjusting the excretion or reabsorption of water and
electrolytes.
4
