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RESEARCH EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Cross-sectional research collects data at one point in time.
a. True
b. False— Ans: a. true
A spurious relationship is a true relationship.
a. True
b. False— Ans: b. false
Time order cannot be established in cross-sectional research designs.
a. True
b. False— Ans: a. true
The unit of analysis is the level of social life from which data are
collected.
a. True
b. False— Ans: a. true
Research that collects data at more than one point in time is called:
a. Longitudinal
b. Cross-Sectional
c. Idiographic
d. Nomothetic
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e. Inductive— Ans: a. longitudinal
Longitudinal research designs are generally superior to cross-sectional
research designs because they more readily establish:
a. Association
b. Time order
c. Nonspuriousness
d. Causal mechanism
e. Context— Ans: b. time order
Which of the following are requirements for identifying a causal effect:
a. Association, time order, and nonspuriousness
b. Time order, nonspuriousness, and mechanism
c. Nonspuriousness, mechanism, and context
d. Association, mechanism, and context
e. Context, time order, and association— Ans: a. Association, time order,
and nonspuriousness.
To say that variables have an association is to say that:
a. The relationship between them is genuine
b. They occur at the same point in time
c. They empirically vary together
d. The relationship between them is false
e. One is caused by the other— Ans: c. They empirically vary together.
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Researcher M found that when temperatures rise, so does the crime rate.
Researcher M has satisfied which criterion for causality?
a. Association
b. Nonspuriousness
c. Causal mechanism
d. Context
e. None of the above— Ans: a. Association.
To establish time order, which of the following must come first?
a. Covariation
b. Association
c. The dependent variable
d. The pretest
e. The independent variable— Ans: e. The independent variable.
In nonexperimental research designs, which technique is usually used to
establish nonspuriousness
a. Counterfactuals
b. Association
c. Statistical control
d. Randomization
e. Random selection ?— Ans: c. Statistical control.
As a child's shoe sizes increases, so does his or her academic knowledge.
This statement is a violation of which criterion for causality?
RESEARCH EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Cross-sectional research collects data at one point in time.
a. True
b. False— Ans: a. true
A spurious relationship is a true relationship.
a. True
b. False— Ans: b. false
Time order cannot be established in cross-sectional research designs.
a. True
b. False— Ans: a. true
The unit of analysis is the level of social life from which data are
collected.
a. True
b. False— Ans: a. true
Research that collects data at more than one point in time is called:
a. Longitudinal
b. Cross-Sectional
c. Idiographic
d. Nomothetic
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e. Inductive— Ans: a. longitudinal
Longitudinal research designs are generally superior to cross-sectional
research designs because they more readily establish:
a. Association
b. Time order
c. Nonspuriousness
d. Causal mechanism
e. Context— Ans: b. time order
Which of the following are requirements for identifying a causal effect:
a. Association, time order, and nonspuriousness
b. Time order, nonspuriousness, and mechanism
c. Nonspuriousness, mechanism, and context
d. Association, mechanism, and context
e. Context, time order, and association— Ans: a. Association, time order,
and nonspuriousness.
To say that variables have an association is to say that:
a. The relationship between them is genuine
b. They occur at the same point in time
c. They empirically vary together
d. The relationship between them is false
e. One is caused by the other— Ans: c. They empirically vary together.
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Researcher M found that when temperatures rise, so does the crime rate.
Researcher M has satisfied which criterion for causality?
a. Association
b. Nonspuriousness
c. Causal mechanism
d. Context
e. None of the above— Ans: a. Association.
To establish time order, which of the following must come first?
a. Covariation
b. Association
c. The dependent variable
d. The pretest
e. The independent variable— Ans: e. The independent variable.
In nonexperimental research designs, which technique is usually used to
establish nonspuriousness
a. Counterfactuals
b. Association
c. Statistical control
d. Randomization
e. Random selection ?— Ans: c. Statistical control.
As a child's shoe sizes increases, so does his or her academic knowledge.
This statement is a violation of which criterion for causality?
