HTHSCI 1H06 Winter 2025 Midterm (McMaster University) Exam Study Guide Solutions

HTHSCI 1H06 Winter 2025 Midterm (McMaster University) Exam Study Guide Solutions (1) middle region (a) anterior (front) region (3) posterior region (4) superior (top) region - ANSWER-(1) heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and phrenic nerves (2) thymus gland (3) descending aorta, esophagus, lymph nodes, vagus nerve and thoracic duct (4) aortic arch, esophagus and trachea (1) aorta (2) pulmonary trunk - ANSWER-(1) comes off LV, first under pulm. trunk and then arches over (2) comes off RV (1) coronary sulcus (2) interventricular sulcus - ANSWER-(1) b/w atria and ventricles (divides heart into top and bottom) (2) b/w r and L ventricles (divides heart into left and right) Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024 Copyright ©Stuvia International BV Page 2/15 (1) coronary arteries (2) right coronary artery (3) left coronary artery (4) LAD interventricular artery - ANSWER-(1) lies within sulci (2) comes off ascending aorta and branches, marginal artery - lies along anterior surface of heart (3) branches at circumflex artery & LAD artery, lies in the coronary sulcus (4) lies in interventricular surface, supplies anterior surface of heart b/w 2 ventricles (1) coronary veins (2) great cardiac vein - ANSWER-(1) supplies heart with blood ASAP (2) anterior, within interventricular sulcus, lying with LAD in groove, ends in dilated structure called the coronary sinus (1) artery (2) vein (3) LS of heart (4) RS of heart - ANSWER-(1) oxygenated blood --> body (2) deoxygenated blood --> heart (3) push out oxygenated blood, *systemic* (4) receive deoxygenated blood & pumps to lungs, *pulmonary* Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024 Copyright ©Stuvia International BV Page 3/15 coronary sinus - ANSWER-dilated from great cardiac vein, all benous blood returns here, and enters into the RA (1) pericardium (2) fibrous pericardium (3) parietal layer (4) visceral layer - ANSWER-(1) surrounds heart wall, prevents friction (2) made of connective tissue, thick, protects and anchors heart to diaphragm (3) secretes serous fluid, thin and almost transparent (4) secretes serous fluid, also referred to as epicardium * if there is fluid accumulation, bc layer is so fibrous it would compress heart LAYERS OF HEART WALL (1) epicardium (2) myocardium (3) endocardium - ANSWER-(1) 1st layer of heart wall (2) specialized muscle tissue (3) up against blood in the heart, smooth and non-thrombogenic (will not form blood clots) (1) pericarditis (2) myocarditis Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024 Copyright ©Stuvia International BV Page 4/15 (3) endocarditis - ANSWER-(1) fluid and pus accumulation (2) viral infection, rheumatic fever, strep bacteria, radiation, meds (3) often bacterial, could affect heart valves, fatal if untreated (1) fibrous skeleton (2) pulmonary semilunar valve (3) aortic semilunar valve (4) bicuspid / mitral valve (5) tricuspid valve - ANSWER-(1) connective tissue layer formed around 4 valves (4) 2 cusps (4) and (5) are AV valves (atrioventricular valves) = between atria and ventricles (1) chordae tendineae (2) papillary muscles (3) AV valve prolapse - ANSWER-(1) - attached to valve cuffs, strings that slack when valves open, and taut when valves close - attached to cone-like muscles called papillary muscles (2) valves open = papillary muscles relaxed valves closed = put tension type of trabeculae carnaea (3) chordae tendinaea and papillary muscles not taut - valves open up and there is back flow of blood Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024 Copyright ©Stuvia International BV Page 5/15 trabeculae carnaea - ANSWER-raised bundles of cardiac muscle some are *raised bundles running along ventricle, some are *bundles coming out ventricles, some are *cone-shaped muscle tissue semilunar valves - ANSWER-- don't have subvalvular apparatus (chordae and papillary) - opens during ventricular contraction - as ventricles relax and blood falls via gravity, the cusps will catc