BIOS 255 Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1 updated 2024 with Verified Answers
Refractory period in the action potential of cardiac muscle cells. - ANS: -absolute refractory period of 250 ms -Prevents wave summation and tetanus which would stop the pumping action of the heart synovial fluid functions - ANS: -nourishes the articular cartilages -removes their wastes -makes movements at synovial joints almost friction-free pleural fluid function - ANS: -acts as a lubricant that enables the lungs to expand and contract with minimal friction pericardial fluid function - ANS: -lubricates the membranes and allows the heart to beat with minimal friction Describe the functions of the following cranial nerves and identify which one will affect the heart rate: hypoglossal nerve (XII) spinal accessory nerve (XI) vagus nerve (X) phrenic nerve - ANS: hypoglossal nerve (XII): -Tongue movements of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing spinal accessory nerve (XI):
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