NU 122 Test Guide With
Complete Solution
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER primary increase in bicarbonate [HCO3 −] with
or without compensatory increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure; pH may
be high or nearly normal. Common causes include prolonged vomiting,
hypovolemia, diuretic use, and hypokalemia.
treatment of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER -Electrolytes to replace those lost
-IV chloride containing solution
-Treat underlying disorder
replace potassium
Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a
result of an upset in metabolism, kidney not enough bicarb, lungs
compensate by blowing off CO2
Treatment of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
IV Lactate
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER condition that occurs when the lungs cannot
remove all of the carbon dioxide the body produces. This causes body fluids,
especially the blood, to become too acidic
potential increased intercranial pressure
Treatment directed at the improvement of ventilation
, Treatment of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER restore effective ventilation,
give O2
respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation
(excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
treatment of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER Treatment: Rapid Shallow
Rebreathing and correct hypoxemia
Ways to teach a diabetic patient - ANSWER Teach about American Diabetes
Association diet, guide them regarding proper insulin administration. The
care of the feet is very important. Checking water temperature with your
elbow instead of your hands.
Why would a patient use their elbow rather than their hand to test the
temperature of water? - ANSWER Because of nerve desensitizing from finger
sticks.
Percrentages of ADA diet - ANSWER 55-65% carbohydrate,
≤ 30% fat,
10-20% protein
45% of calories from carbohydrates
Sick day rules - ANSWER Type 1 diabetics-dependent on insulin, still
administer insulin if patient is sick. Check urine for ketones.
Why do we give sick patients insulin? - ANSWER They rely on it to survive.
Also illness puts them under stress.
What do you always check when opening a vial of diabetic test strip? -
ANSWER Test strip number to make sure it matches glucometer.
Complete Solution
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER primary increase in bicarbonate [HCO3 −] with
or without compensatory increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure; pH may
be high or nearly normal. Common causes include prolonged vomiting,
hypovolemia, diuretic use, and hypokalemia.
treatment of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER -Electrolytes to replace those lost
-IV chloride containing solution
-Treat underlying disorder
replace potassium
Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a
result of an upset in metabolism, kidney not enough bicarb, lungs
compensate by blowing off CO2
Treatment of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
IV Lactate
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER condition that occurs when the lungs cannot
remove all of the carbon dioxide the body produces. This causes body fluids,
especially the blood, to become too acidic
potential increased intercranial pressure
Treatment directed at the improvement of ventilation
, Treatment of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER restore effective ventilation,
give O2
respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation
(excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
treatment of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER Treatment: Rapid Shallow
Rebreathing and correct hypoxemia
Ways to teach a diabetic patient - ANSWER Teach about American Diabetes
Association diet, guide them regarding proper insulin administration. The
care of the feet is very important. Checking water temperature with your
elbow instead of your hands.
Why would a patient use their elbow rather than their hand to test the
temperature of water? - ANSWER Because of nerve desensitizing from finger
sticks.
Percrentages of ADA diet - ANSWER 55-65% carbohydrate,
≤ 30% fat,
10-20% protein
45% of calories from carbohydrates
Sick day rules - ANSWER Type 1 diabetics-dependent on insulin, still
administer insulin if patient is sick. Check urine for ketones.
Why do we give sick patients insulin? - ANSWER They rely on it to survive.
Also illness puts them under stress.
What do you always check when opening a vial of diabetic test strip? -
ANSWER Test strip number to make sure it matches glucometer.
