SSI NYU final
voice onset time (VOT) - answer the interval between the initial burst of frequencies and
the onset of voicing. Important for voiced vs voiceless contrast
voicing bar - answer the dark band at the bottom of a spectrogram that indicates that a
sound is voiced
higher - answer the fundamental frequency at onset of the following vowel is higher or
lower for voiceless sounds.
louder - answer the loudness of a consonant burst is quiter or louder for a voiceless
sound?
longer - answerbefore a voiced stop the duration of the preceding vowel is shorter or
longer? This is the best cue of voiced/voiceless contrast for a stop in word FINAL
position.
6 years - answercontrol of voicing is not mastered until what age?
covert contrast - answerchild produces a measureable, reliable distinction between two
sounds/categories but
-child does not realize contrast in the same way as adults
-adult listeners do not hear the contrast child produces
-Normal adult contrast is 30-100 ms, this tends to be around 15 ms for voiceless
sounds.
voicing neutralization - answerthese errors are commonly heard in child speech. Covert
contrast is found in the child process.
categorical perception - answerMAKES SPEECH IDENTIFICATION SMOOTHER AND
EASIER
we hear speech categories rather than the small acoustic variations across exemplars
of the same phoneme. Used to examine speech discrimination and speech identification
tasks
Allows listeners to ignore irrelevant variations in speech signal while still being sensitive
to category variations.
category boundary - answerthe point where there is a 50% chance that either of the
stimuli are heard. Crossover
, speech identification - answerIs it this or that sound? the graph is two lines that make an
X shape. Where the x crosses is the region of confusion.
Speech discrimination - answerare sounds the same or different? The graph is one line
that rises, plateaus and falls at the category boundary
false - answertrue or false
categorical perception is only for humans
true - answertrue or false
categorical perception includes speech and nonspeech sounds
continuous - answervowel perception is what? Presents as an oval shape on a graph
differences - answeryoung babies can perceive language ____ even if it is not in their
native tongue
true - answertrue or false
infants lose the ability to discriminate nonnative contrasts
true - answeradults can relearn nonnative distinctions with training. We can learn to
hear differences in other languages
below - answerchildren with disordered speech production show below or above
average perceptual abilities?
production and perception - answerMost children with SSI show some deficits in both of
these categories
produce - answerthe contrasts that children have difficulty perceiving tend to be the
same contrasts they ____ incorrectly.
speech assessment and interactive learning system (SAILS) - answerpresents recorded
words produced by adult and child speakers. Child points to a picture of the word for a
correct production and the a picture of an x if production is incorrect.
voiced - answerDoes this describe a voiced or voiceless stop?
Low F1 onset, short VOT
voiceless - answerDoes this describe a voiced or voiceless stop?
high F1 onset, long VOT
voice onset time (VOT) - answer the interval between the initial burst of frequencies and
the onset of voicing. Important for voiced vs voiceless contrast
voicing bar - answer the dark band at the bottom of a spectrogram that indicates that a
sound is voiced
higher - answer the fundamental frequency at onset of the following vowel is higher or
lower for voiceless sounds.
louder - answer the loudness of a consonant burst is quiter or louder for a voiceless
sound?
longer - answerbefore a voiced stop the duration of the preceding vowel is shorter or
longer? This is the best cue of voiced/voiceless contrast for a stop in word FINAL
position.
6 years - answercontrol of voicing is not mastered until what age?
covert contrast - answerchild produces a measureable, reliable distinction between two
sounds/categories but
-child does not realize contrast in the same way as adults
-adult listeners do not hear the contrast child produces
-Normal adult contrast is 30-100 ms, this tends to be around 15 ms for voiceless
sounds.
voicing neutralization - answerthese errors are commonly heard in child speech. Covert
contrast is found in the child process.
categorical perception - answerMAKES SPEECH IDENTIFICATION SMOOTHER AND
EASIER
we hear speech categories rather than the small acoustic variations across exemplars
of the same phoneme. Used to examine speech discrimination and speech identification
tasks
Allows listeners to ignore irrelevant variations in speech signal while still being sensitive
to category variations.
category boundary - answerthe point where there is a 50% chance that either of the
stimuli are heard. Crossover
, speech identification - answerIs it this or that sound? the graph is two lines that make an
X shape. Where the x crosses is the region of confusion.
Speech discrimination - answerare sounds the same or different? The graph is one line
that rises, plateaus and falls at the category boundary
false - answertrue or false
categorical perception is only for humans
true - answertrue or false
categorical perception includes speech and nonspeech sounds
continuous - answervowel perception is what? Presents as an oval shape on a graph
differences - answeryoung babies can perceive language ____ even if it is not in their
native tongue
true - answertrue or false
infants lose the ability to discriminate nonnative contrasts
true - answeradults can relearn nonnative distinctions with training. We can learn to
hear differences in other languages
below - answerchildren with disordered speech production show below or above
average perceptual abilities?
production and perception - answerMost children with SSI show some deficits in both of
these categories
produce - answerthe contrasts that children have difficulty perceiving tend to be the
same contrasts they ____ incorrectly.
speech assessment and interactive learning system (SAILS) - answerpresents recorded
words produced by adult and child speakers. Child points to a picture of the word for a
correct production and the a picture of an x if production is incorrect.
voiced - answerDoes this describe a voiced or voiceless stop?
Low F1 onset, short VOT
voiceless - answerDoes this describe a voiced or voiceless stop?
high F1 onset, long VOT
