NYU Gen Chem II Midterm I
Chemical Kinetics - answer The study of the rates and mechanisms of reactions
Reaction Rate - answer The change in the concentrations of reactants (or products)
with time
Average Rate - answer The change in concentration of reactants (or products) divided
by a finite time period
Instantaneous Rate - answer The reaction rate at a particular time, given by the slope of
a tangent to a plot of reactant concentration vs. time
Initial Rate - answer The instantaneous rate occurring as soon as the reactants are
mixed, that is, at t=0
Rate Law (Rate Equation) - answer An equation that expresses the rate of a reaction as
a function of reactant (and product) concentrations
Rate Constant (k) - answerThe proportionality constant that relates reaction rate to
reactant (and product) concentrations
Reaction Orders - answerThe exponent of a reactant concentration in a rate law that
shows how the rate is affected by changes in that concentration
Integrated Rate Law - answerA mathematical expression for reactant concentration as a
function of time
Half-Life (t1/2) - answerIn chemical processes, the time required for half the initial
reactant concentration to be consumed
Solute - answerThe substance that dissolves the solvent
Solvent - answerThe substance in which the solute(s) dissolve. Generally most
abundant component
Miscible - answerSoluble in any proportion
Solubility (S) - answerThe maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a fixed quantity
of a particular solvent at a specified temperature
, Like-dissolves-like Rule - answerAn empirical observation stating that substances
having similar kinds of molecular forces dissolve in each other
Hydration Shell - answerThe oriented cluster of water molecules that surrounds an ion
in aqueous solution
Ion-induced dipole force - answerThe attractive force between an ion and the dipole it
induces in the electron cloud of a nearby nonpolar molecule
Dipole-induced dipole force - answerThe intermolecular attraction between a polar
molecule and the oppositely charged pole it induces in a nearby molecule
Alloy - answerA mixture with metallic properties that consists of solid phases of two or
more pure elements, a solid-solid solution, or distinct intermediate phases
Protein - answerA natural, linear polymer composed of any of about 20 types of amino
acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds
Amino Acid - answerAn organic compound [general formula, H2N - CH(R) - COOH] with
at least one carboxyl and one amine group on the same molecule; the monomer unit of
a protein
Soap - answerThe salt formed in a reaction between a fatty acid and a strong base,
usually a Group 1A(1) or 2A(2) hydroxide
Lipid Bilayer - answerAn extended sheetlike double layer of phospholipid molecules that
forms in water and has the charged heads of the molecules on the surfaces of the
bilayer and the nonpolar tails within the interior
Nucleic Acid - answerAn unbranched polymer consisting of mononucleotides that
occurs as two types, DNA and RNA, which differ chemically in the nature of the sugar
portion of the mononucleotides
Mononucleotide - answerA monomer unit of a nucleic acid, consisting of an N-
containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
Double Helix - answerThe two intertwined polynucleotide strands held together by H
bonds that form the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Heat of Solution (ΔHsoln) (also enthalpy of solution) - answerThe enthalpy change
occurring when a solution forms from solute and solvent. The sum of the enthalpies
from separating solute and solvent substances and mixing them; designated ΔH°soln at
the standard state
Solvation - answerThe process of surrounding a solute particle with solvent particles
Chemical Kinetics - answer The study of the rates and mechanisms of reactions
Reaction Rate - answer The change in the concentrations of reactants (or products)
with time
Average Rate - answer The change in concentration of reactants (or products) divided
by a finite time period
Instantaneous Rate - answer The reaction rate at a particular time, given by the slope of
a tangent to a plot of reactant concentration vs. time
Initial Rate - answer The instantaneous rate occurring as soon as the reactants are
mixed, that is, at t=0
Rate Law (Rate Equation) - answer An equation that expresses the rate of a reaction as
a function of reactant (and product) concentrations
Rate Constant (k) - answerThe proportionality constant that relates reaction rate to
reactant (and product) concentrations
Reaction Orders - answerThe exponent of a reactant concentration in a rate law that
shows how the rate is affected by changes in that concentration
Integrated Rate Law - answerA mathematical expression for reactant concentration as a
function of time
Half-Life (t1/2) - answerIn chemical processes, the time required for half the initial
reactant concentration to be consumed
Solute - answerThe substance that dissolves the solvent
Solvent - answerThe substance in which the solute(s) dissolve. Generally most
abundant component
Miscible - answerSoluble in any proportion
Solubility (S) - answerThe maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a fixed quantity
of a particular solvent at a specified temperature
, Like-dissolves-like Rule - answerAn empirical observation stating that substances
having similar kinds of molecular forces dissolve in each other
Hydration Shell - answerThe oriented cluster of water molecules that surrounds an ion
in aqueous solution
Ion-induced dipole force - answerThe attractive force between an ion and the dipole it
induces in the electron cloud of a nearby nonpolar molecule
Dipole-induced dipole force - answerThe intermolecular attraction between a polar
molecule and the oppositely charged pole it induces in a nearby molecule
Alloy - answerA mixture with metallic properties that consists of solid phases of two or
more pure elements, a solid-solid solution, or distinct intermediate phases
Protein - answerA natural, linear polymer composed of any of about 20 types of amino
acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds
Amino Acid - answerAn organic compound [general formula, H2N - CH(R) - COOH] with
at least one carboxyl and one amine group on the same molecule; the monomer unit of
a protein
Soap - answerThe salt formed in a reaction between a fatty acid and a strong base,
usually a Group 1A(1) or 2A(2) hydroxide
Lipid Bilayer - answerAn extended sheetlike double layer of phospholipid molecules that
forms in water and has the charged heads of the molecules on the surfaces of the
bilayer and the nonpolar tails within the interior
Nucleic Acid - answerAn unbranched polymer consisting of mononucleotides that
occurs as two types, DNA and RNA, which differ chemically in the nature of the sugar
portion of the mononucleotides
Mononucleotide - answerA monomer unit of a nucleic acid, consisting of an N-
containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
Double Helix - answerThe two intertwined polynucleotide strands held together by H
bonds that form the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Heat of Solution (ΔHsoln) (also enthalpy of solution) - answerThe enthalpy change
occurring when a solution forms from solute and solvent. The sum of the enthalpies
from separating solute and solvent substances and mixing them; designated ΔH°soln at
the standard state
Solvation - answerThe process of surrounding a solute particle with solvent particles
