FOUNDATION IN PHYSIOTHERAPY. SAMPLE EXAM
REVISION PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS (2024 UPDATE)
Ball and socket joint - ANSWER- Permitting movement in all directions, the ball and socket
joint features the rounded head of one bone sitting in the cup of another bone
Hinge joint - ANSWER- The hinge joint is like a door, opening and closing in one direction,
along one plane.
Condyloid/Elipsoid joint - ANSWER- The condyloid joint allows movement, but no rotation
Bi axial
Pivot joint - ANSWER- The pivot joint, also called the rotary joint or trochoid joint, is
characterized by one bone that can swivel in a ring formed from a second bone.
Gliding joint - ANSWER- allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles
Saddle joint - ANSWER- Although the saddle joint does not allow rotation, it does enable
movement back and forth and side to side. An example is the joint at the base of your thumb.
Primary cartilaginous joint - ANSWER- joints united by hyaline cartilage that petits growth in
the length of the bone
Secondary cartilaginous joint - ANSWER- joints united by fibrocartilage and functions in
providing strength, absorption, and flexibility
,Gomphosis joint - ANSWER- specialized fibrous joint in which a conical process or peg of one
bone fits into a hole or socket in another bone
Suture joint - ANSWER- immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull
Syndesmosis joint - ANSWER- bones connected by a ligament
Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
4 key points of good posture - ANSWER- minimal strain on muscles ligaments and joints
Organs and blood vessels not compressed
Minimal energy cost
Stable and balanced
Ideal posture - ANSWER- least muscle work to support ourselves when alignment is correct
Type of postural changes - ANSWER- Adaptive- avoidance posture, muscle spasms
Normal- development , degenerative process (old)
Disease/dysfunction- physiological, respiratory
Morphological- excess weight, physical build
Posture affecting factors (children, Adults) - ANSWER- Children: frequent illness, low
physical activity
Adults: maintained wrong fixed posture, hormones, temporary (pregnancy).
3 types of posture - ANSWER- Flat back
,Sway back
Kyphosis- lordosis
Flat back - ANSWER- Lumbar lordosis flat
Pelvis neutral/posterior tilt
Hip slightly extended
LOG posterior to hip
Sway back - ANSWER- Thoracic Kyphosis increased
Forward sway of hips
Slight hip extension
LOG posterior to hip
Kyphosis-Lordosis - ANSWER- increase lumbar and thoracic lordosis
Hips flexed
Pelvis anterior tilt
Types of muscles - ANSWER- skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal muscles - ANSWER- Bone or skin
Voluntary
, Slow to fast
Cardiac muscle - ANSWER- walls of heart
Involuntary
Slow
Smooth muscle - ANSWER- hollow visceral organs
Involuntary
Very slow
Muscle power - ANSWER- force x velocity of contraction
Gross muscle structure - ANSWER- parallel
Convergent- multiple insertions at one end
Unipennate- all muscle fibers are on 1 side of tendon
Bipennate- muscle fibers on both sides of tendon
Multipennate- several tendon of origins and several tendons of insertion (deltoid)
Circular- contract small middle, relax bigger middle
Types of fibers - ANSWER- Type 1: slow oxidative
Type 2a: fast oxidative
Type 2b: fast glycolytic
Type 1 fiber: slow oxidative - ANSWER- speed: fast
REVISION PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS (2024 UPDATE)
Ball and socket joint - ANSWER- Permitting movement in all directions, the ball and socket
joint features the rounded head of one bone sitting in the cup of another bone
Hinge joint - ANSWER- The hinge joint is like a door, opening and closing in one direction,
along one plane.
Condyloid/Elipsoid joint - ANSWER- The condyloid joint allows movement, but no rotation
Bi axial
Pivot joint - ANSWER- The pivot joint, also called the rotary joint or trochoid joint, is
characterized by one bone that can swivel in a ring formed from a second bone.
Gliding joint - ANSWER- allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles
Saddle joint - ANSWER- Although the saddle joint does not allow rotation, it does enable
movement back and forth and side to side. An example is the joint at the base of your thumb.
Primary cartilaginous joint - ANSWER- joints united by hyaline cartilage that petits growth in
the length of the bone
Secondary cartilaginous joint - ANSWER- joints united by fibrocartilage and functions in
providing strength, absorption, and flexibility
,Gomphosis joint - ANSWER- specialized fibrous joint in which a conical process or peg of one
bone fits into a hole or socket in another bone
Suture joint - ANSWER- immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull
Syndesmosis joint - ANSWER- bones connected by a ligament
Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
4 key points of good posture - ANSWER- minimal strain on muscles ligaments and joints
Organs and blood vessels not compressed
Minimal energy cost
Stable and balanced
Ideal posture - ANSWER- least muscle work to support ourselves when alignment is correct
Type of postural changes - ANSWER- Adaptive- avoidance posture, muscle spasms
Normal- development , degenerative process (old)
Disease/dysfunction- physiological, respiratory
Morphological- excess weight, physical build
Posture affecting factors (children, Adults) - ANSWER- Children: frequent illness, low
physical activity
Adults: maintained wrong fixed posture, hormones, temporary (pregnancy).
3 types of posture - ANSWER- Flat back
,Sway back
Kyphosis- lordosis
Flat back - ANSWER- Lumbar lordosis flat
Pelvis neutral/posterior tilt
Hip slightly extended
LOG posterior to hip
Sway back - ANSWER- Thoracic Kyphosis increased
Forward sway of hips
Slight hip extension
LOG posterior to hip
Kyphosis-Lordosis - ANSWER- increase lumbar and thoracic lordosis
Hips flexed
Pelvis anterior tilt
Types of muscles - ANSWER- skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal muscles - ANSWER- Bone or skin
Voluntary
, Slow to fast
Cardiac muscle - ANSWER- walls of heart
Involuntary
Slow
Smooth muscle - ANSWER- hollow visceral organs
Involuntary
Very slow
Muscle power - ANSWER- force x velocity of contraction
Gross muscle structure - ANSWER- parallel
Convergent- multiple insertions at one end
Unipennate- all muscle fibers are on 1 side of tendon
Bipennate- muscle fibers on both sides of tendon
Multipennate- several tendon of origins and several tendons of insertion (deltoid)
Circular- contract small middle, relax bigger middle
Types of fibers - ANSWER- Type 1: slow oxidative
Type 2a: fast oxidative
Type 2b: fast glycolytic
Type 1 fiber: slow oxidative - ANSWER- speed: fast
