BIOLOGY PAPER 1 EXAM
PREVIEW 2024/2025 (ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
Eukaryo)c cell
Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryo)c cells
Gene)c material is not enclosed in a nucleus. They are much smaller
An animal cell contains...
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
A plant cell contains...
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts,
cell wall, vacuole
Func)on of nucleus
Enclose gene)c material
Func)on of cytoplasm
Liquid where chemical reac)ons occur
Func)on of cell membrane
,Control what enters and leaves the cell
Func)on of mitochondria
Where aerobic respira)on takes place
Func)on of ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Func)on of chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis
Func)on of cell wall
Strengthen the cell; made of cellulose
Func)on of vacuole
Full of cell sap; keeps the plant cells shape
Differen)a)on
The process of a cell becoming specialised; having a specific func)on
Sperm cells adapta)ons
Half the gene)c material, long tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for
energy, contain egg-diges)ng enzymes
Nerve cell adapta)ons
Long axons carry impulses, myelin insulates and speeds up, synapse allow
impulses to move, contains egg diges)ng enzymes
Muscle cell adapta)ons
Can contract, lots of mitochondria, wok together
Root hair cell adapta)ons
Large surface area to volume ra)o, no chloroplasts
Xylem adapta)ons
No end walls, made from dead lignin cells
Phloem adata)ons
Have a companion cell to provide energy
, Microscopes prac)cal
Use a slide and place it in microscopes on the lowest magnifica)on. Focus the
microscope while increasing the magnifica)on.
Magnifica)on =
Size of image/size of real object
Electron microscopes
Have a higher resolu)on and magnifica)on. Can see in greater detail. They are
more heavy, less portable and more expensive.
Bacteria
Mul)ply by binary fission. About once every 20 minutes.
Prac)cal: an)bio)cs and bacteria
1. Sterilise area
2.sterilise inocula)on loop using fire
3. Open agar plate near flame
4. Spread bacteria over plate
5. Place an)bio)c paper in plate
6. Incubate for a few days at 25 degrees
Gametes
Sex cells that contain half the number of chromosomes
Chromosomes
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. They carry genes
Cell cycle
1. Dna replicates, the cell grows and copies internal structures
2. Mitosis takes place, cell splits
3. Two iden)cal cells are formed
Stem cell
PREVIEW 2024/2025 (ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
Eukaryo)c cell
Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryo)c cells
Gene)c material is not enclosed in a nucleus. They are much smaller
An animal cell contains...
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
A plant cell contains...
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts,
cell wall, vacuole
Func)on of nucleus
Enclose gene)c material
Func)on of cytoplasm
Liquid where chemical reac)ons occur
Func)on of cell membrane
,Control what enters and leaves the cell
Func)on of mitochondria
Where aerobic respira)on takes place
Func)on of ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Func)on of chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis
Func)on of cell wall
Strengthen the cell; made of cellulose
Func)on of vacuole
Full of cell sap; keeps the plant cells shape
Differen)a)on
The process of a cell becoming specialised; having a specific func)on
Sperm cells adapta)ons
Half the gene)c material, long tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for
energy, contain egg-diges)ng enzymes
Nerve cell adapta)ons
Long axons carry impulses, myelin insulates and speeds up, synapse allow
impulses to move, contains egg diges)ng enzymes
Muscle cell adapta)ons
Can contract, lots of mitochondria, wok together
Root hair cell adapta)ons
Large surface area to volume ra)o, no chloroplasts
Xylem adapta)ons
No end walls, made from dead lignin cells
Phloem adata)ons
Have a companion cell to provide energy
, Microscopes prac)cal
Use a slide and place it in microscopes on the lowest magnifica)on. Focus the
microscope while increasing the magnifica)on.
Magnifica)on =
Size of image/size of real object
Electron microscopes
Have a higher resolu)on and magnifica)on. Can see in greater detail. They are
more heavy, less portable and more expensive.
Bacteria
Mul)ply by binary fission. About once every 20 minutes.
Prac)cal: an)bio)cs and bacteria
1. Sterilise area
2.sterilise inocula)on loop using fire
3. Open agar plate near flame
4. Spread bacteria over plate
5. Place an)bio)c paper in plate
6. Incubate for a few days at 25 degrees
Gametes
Sex cells that contain half the number of chromosomes
Chromosomes
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. They carry genes
Cell cycle
1. Dna replicates, the cell grows and copies internal structures
2. Mitosis takes place, cell splits
3. Two iden)cal cells are formed
Stem cell
