HEARTCODE PALS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of a unresponsive infant or child do?
- Answers- 1. Verify scene safety
2. Check for responsiveness
3. Shout for help
4. Activate the emergency response system
How long should assessing for breathing and a pulse take? - Answers- No longer than
10 seconds
What should you do to check for breathing? - Answers- Look for chest rise and fall
Where can you check a pulse on an infant and a child? - Answers- Infant = Brachial
Child = Femoral
If the child does not have normal breathing and a pulse of 64/min is present, you will
need to:
A) begin CPR
B) monitor
C) provide rescue breathing - Answers- Provide rescue breathing
For an unwitnessed cardiac arrest, what should you do after determining
unresponsiveness and there is no breathing and no pulse?
A) shout for help
B) perform high quality CPR for 2 minutes
C) provide rescue breaths
D) activate the emergency response system - Answers- Perform high quality CPR for 2
minutes
What are the 4 universal steps for operation of an AED? - Answers- 1. Turn on the AED
2. Attach pads to the patient
3. Analyze the heart rhythm
4. Deliver indicated shock
If the AED indicates no shock advised, what should be the next action?
A) start chest compressions
B) call for help
C) remove AED pads
D) give 2 rescue breaths - Answers- Start chest compressions
What does A-B-C in the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) stand for? - Answers- A -
Appearance
B - Work of Breathing
C - Circulation
,When is the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) performed to make an initial
assessment?
A) during the "from the doorway" observation
B) during the primary assessment
C) during the transfer of care
D) during the secondary assessment - Answers- During the "from the doorway"
observation
What sequence is used when caring for a seriously ill or injured child to help determine
the best treatment or intervention? - Answers- Evaluate Identify Intervene sequence
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until:
A) the child is stable
B) the child is ready for transport
C) the child is ready for discharge
D) interventions are provided for the child - Answers- The child is stable
The primary assessment includes the ABCDE approach. What does it assess? -
Answers- Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure
How is the airway assessed? - Answers- Determining if the airway is open/patent
In the primary assessment, how should you open the airway of a child who is not
suspected of having a cervical spine injury?
A) with ET intubation
B) with a jaw thrust
C) by flexing the neck
D) with a head tilt-chin lift - Answers- With a head tilt-chin lift
In infants, the abdomen may move______the chest - Answers- more than
What is a characteristic of normal chest rise? - Answers- Symmetrical during inspiration
________ is usually high-pitched breathing during inspiration, whereas _________ is
usually during expiration - Answers- Stridor, wheezing
Snoring and gurgling are a result of _____ airway obstruction. - Answers- Upper
Crackles happen during ______, and grunting happens during ____. - Answers-
Inspiration, expiration
Oxygen saturation less than __ indicates low oxygen saturation, which is known as
hypoxemia. - Answers- 94%
, Pulse oximetry indicates oxygen __________, but not oxygen delivery. - Answers-
Saturation
Conditions that ________ air resistance lead to increased respiratory ______. -
Answers- Increase, effort
The appropriate rate for compressions for children is 100-120/min. What is the correct
depth for children?
A) approximately 2 inches (one third the AP diameter)
B) approximately 3 inches (one half AP diameter)
C) approximately 4 inches (two thirds AP diameter) - Answers- Approximately 2 inches
(one third the AP diameter)
What is the compression to ventilation ratio for 1- and 2-rescuer CPR for children and
infants?
A) 15:2 for both
B) 30:2 for both
C) single rescuer 15:2, 2 rescuers 30:2
D) single rescuer 30:2, 2 rescuers 15:2 - Answers- Single rescuer 30:2, 2 rescuers 15:2
How should 1-rescuer infant compressions be delivered?
A) with 2 fingers or 2 thumbs
B) with 1 finger or 2 thumbs
C) with 2 hands or 2 fingers
D) with 1 hand or 2 fingers - Answers- With 2 fingers or 2 thumbs
What is the preferred technique for infant compressions when there are 2 or more
rescuers present?
A) 1 finger technique
B) 1 thumb encircling hands technique
C) 2 thumb encircling hands technique
D) 2 finger technique - Answers- 2 thumb encircling hands technique
What are signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue and respiratory
failure? - Answers- - Nasal flaring
- Retractions
- Head bobbing
- Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in __
seconds and multiplying by __. - Answers- 30, 2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory _________ in infants. - Answers-
Distress
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of a unresponsive infant or child do?
- Answers- 1. Verify scene safety
2. Check for responsiveness
3. Shout for help
4. Activate the emergency response system
How long should assessing for breathing and a pulse take? - Answers- No longer than
10 seconds
What should you do to check for breathing? - Answers- Look for chest rise and fall
Where can you check a pulse on an infant and a child? - Answers- Infant = Brachial
Child = Femoral
If the child does not have normal breathing and a pulse of 64/min is present, you will
need to:
A) begin CPR
B) monitor
C) provide rescue breathing - Answers- Provide rescue breathing
For an unwitnessed cardiac arrest, what should you do after determining
unresponsiveness and there is no breathing and no pulse?
A) shout for help
B) perform high quality CPR for 2 minutes
C) provide rescue breaths
D) activate the emergency response system - Answers- Perform high quality CPR for 2
minutes
What are the 4 universal steps for operation of an AED? - Answers- 1. Turn on the AED
2. Attach pads to the patient
3. Analyze the heart rhythm
4. Deliver indicated shock
If the AED indicates no shock advised, what should be the next action?
A) start chest compressions
B) call for help
C) remove AED pads
D) give 2 rescue breaths - Answers- Start chest compressions
What does A-B-C in the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) stand for? - Answers- A -
Appearance
B - Work of Breathing
C - Circulation
,When is the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) performed to make an initial
assessment?
A) during the "from the doorway" observation
B) during the primary assessment
C) during the transfer of care
D) during the secondary assessment - Answers- During the "from the doorway"
observation
What sequence is used when caring for a seriously ill or injured child to help determine
the best treatment or intervention? - Answers- Evaluate Identify Intervene sequence
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until:
A) the child is stable
B) the child is ready for transport
C) the child is ready for discharge
D) interventions are provided for the child - Answers- The child is stable
The primary assessment includes the ABCDE approach. What does it assess? -
Answers- Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure
How is the airway assessed? - Answers- Determining if the airway is open/patent
In the primary assessment, how should you open the airway of a child who is not
suspected of having a cervical spine injury?
A) with ET intubation
B) with a jaw thrust
C) by flexing the neck
D) with a head tilt-chin lift - Answers- With a head tilt-chin lift
In infants, the abdomen may move______the chest - Answers- more than
What is a characteristic of normal chest rise? - Answers- Symmetrical during inspiration
________ is usually high-pitched breathing during inspiration, whereas _________ is
usually during expiration - Answers- Stridor, wheezing
Snoring and gurgling are a result of _____ airway obstruction. - Answers- Upper
Crackles happen during ______, and grunting happens during ____. - Answers-
Inspiration, expiration
Oxygen saturation less than __ indicates low oxygen saturation, which is known as
hypoxemia. - Answers- 94%
, Pulse oximetry indicates oxygen __________, but not oxygen delivery. - Answers-
Saturation
Conditions that ________ air resistance lead to increased respiratory ______. -
Answers- Increase, effort
The appropriate rate for compressions for children is 100-120/min. What is the correct
depth for children?
A) approximately 2 inches (one third the AP diameter)
B) approximately 3 inches (one half AP diameter)
C) approximately 4 inches (two thirds AP diameter) - Answers- Approximately 2 inches
(one third the AP diameter)
What is the compression to ventilation ratio for 1- and 2-rescuer CPR for children and
infants?
A) 15:2 for both
B) 30:2 for both
C) single rescuer 15:2, 2 rescuers 30:2
D) single rescuer 30:2, 2 rescuers 15:2 - Answers- Single rescuer 30:2, 2 rescuers 15:2
How should 1-rescuer infant compressions be delivered?
A) with 2 fingers or 2 thumbs
B) with 1 finger or 2 thumbs
C) with 2 hands or 2 fingers
D) with 1 hand or 2 fingers - Answers- With 2 fingers or 2 thumbs
What is the preferred technique for infant compressions when there are 2 or more
rescuers present?
A) 1 finger technique
B) 1 thumb encircling hands technique
C) 2 thumb encircling hands technique
D) 2 finger technique - Answers- 2 thumb encircling hands technique
What are signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue and respiratory
failure? - Answers- - Nasal flaring
- Retractions
- Head bobbing
- Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in __
seconds and multiplying by __. - Answers- 30, 2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory _________ in infants. - Answers-
Distress
