NURS 3119 Endocrine Meds
Exam 3 With Solution
What are Examples of Medications for Diabetes? Describe each. - ANSWER
>Insulin - moves glucose into cells
>Oral antidiabetic medications - makes endogenous insulin work better
>Mimetics - injections that mimic hormones to control BS
>Hyperglycemia agents - glucagon or D50 increases blood sugar in
emergency
What is the Mechanism of Action of Insulin? - ANSWER >Promote cellular
uptake of glucose
>Converts glucose into glycogen (energy source)
>Moves potassium into cells
What are the 6 Classifications of Insulin? - ANSWER >Rapid-Acting
>Short-Acting
>Intermediate-Acting
>Long-Acting
>Ultra-Long Acting
>Pre-Mixed Insulins
What is an Example of Rapid-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
,ANSWER Lispro insulin
>Onset: 15-30 minutes
>Peak: 0.5-2.5H
>Duration: 3-6H
What is an Example of Short-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
ANSWER Regular insulin
>Onset: 0.5-1H
>Peak: 1-5H
>Duration: 6-10H
What is an Example of Intermediate-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
ANSWER NPH Insulin
>Onset: 1-2H
>Peak: 6-14H
>Duration: 16-24H
What is an Example of Long-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
ANSWER Insulin glargine (clear do not mix; do not give IV)
>Onset: 70M
>Peak: none
>Duration: 24H
What is an Example of Ultra Long-Acting Insulin? Duration? - ANSWER
>U-300 insulin glargine
, >Insulin degludec
>Duration: >24H
What is an Example of Pre-Mixed Insulin? - ANSWER Intermediate and a
short/rapid acting insulin
How to Dose for Intermediate/Long Acting Insulin? Rapid and Short-Acting? -
ANSWER INTERMEDIATE/LONG:
>Usually adjusted to levels over time
RAPID AND SHORT:
>Added in based on blood sugar levels or CHO count
When Might Patients Need a Larger Insulin Dose? Smaller Dose? - ANSWER
>Patients may need larger dose when sick, stressed, growing, pregnant,
taking certain medications, or eating more calories
>Patients may need smaller doses if exercising or early pregnant
What should a Diabetic Patient be Tracking? - ANSWER Blood sugar levels
What is Sliding Scale Insulin? How to Use? - ANSWER >Used in the hospital
for patient who need insulin only for short times during illness, but may not
be routinely using insulin at home
>This also provides a supplemental insulin measure for times when blood
sugars may run abnormally high-such as during illness
HOW TO USE:
>Check the blood glucose and administer the corresponding amount of
insulin
Exam 3 With Solution
What are Examples of Medications for Diabetes? Describe each. - ANSWER
>Insulin - moves glucose into cells
>Oral antidiabetic medications - makes endogenous insulin work better
>Mimetics - injections that mimic hormones to control BS
>Hyperglycemia agents - glucagon or D50 increases blood sugar in
emergency
What is the Mechanism of Action of Insulin? - ANSWER >Promote cellular
uptake of glucose
>Converts glucose into glycogen (energy source)
>Moves potassium into cells
What are the 6 Classifications of Insulin? - ANSWER >Rapid-Acting
>Short-Acting
>Intermediate-Acting
>Long-Acting
>Ultra-Long Acting
>Pre-Mixed Insulins
What is an Example of Rapid-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
,ANSWER Lispro insulin
>Onset: 15-30 minutes
>Peak: 0.5-2.5H
>Duration: 3-6H
What is an Example of Short-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
ANSWER Regular insulin
>Onset: 0.5-1H
>Peak: 1-5H
>Duration: 6-10H
What is an Example of Intermediate-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
ANSWER NPH Insulin
>Onset: 1-2H
>Peak: 6-14H
>Duration: 16-24H
What is an Example of Long-Acting Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duration? -
ANSWER Insulin glargine (clear do not mix; do not give IV)
>Onset: 70M
>Peak: none
>Duration: 24H
What is an Example of Ultra Long-Acting Insulin? Duration? - ANSWER
>U-300 insulin glargine
, >Insulin degludec
>Duration: >24H
What is an Example of Pre-Mixed Insulin? - ANSWER Intermediate and a
short/rapid acting insulin
How to Dose for Intermediate/Long Acting Insulin? Rapid and Short-Acting? -
ANSWER INTERMEDIATE/LONG:
>Usually adjusted to levels over time
RAPID AND SHORT:
>Added in based on blood sugar levels or CHO count
When Might Patients Need a Larger Insulin Dose? Smaller Dose? - ANSWER
>Patients may need larger dose when sick, stressed, growing, pregnant,
taking certain medications, or eating more calories
>Patients may need smaller doses if exercising or early pregnant
What should a Diabetic Patient be Tracking? - ANSWER Blood sugar levels
What is Sliding Scale Insulin? How to Use? - ANSWER >Used in the hospital
for patient who need insulin only for short times during illness, but may not
be routinely using insulin at home
>This also provides a supplemental insulin measure for times when blood
sugars may run abnormally high-such as during illness
HOW TO USE:
>Check the blood glucose and administer the corresponding amount of
insulin
