BISC 101 Midterm UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- network of fibres that organize internal structure
and activities in the cell
What do the connections between cells function in? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- They
coordinate cell activities
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes
Prokaryote description - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- single, circular chromosome, plasmids,
cell wall
Examples of eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- protists, fungi, plants, animals
List four reasons why eukaryotic cells have such complex compartmentalization - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 1. attachment of membrane bound proteins
2. incompatible reactions can be separated
3. division of labor
4. organelles transport is more rapid
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- eukaryotic cell's information storage and retrieval
centre
What does the nucleus contain? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- chromosomes, chromatin,
nucleolus, nuclear envelope
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- DNA; carries genetic information
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- complex of DNA and proteins
,-has several levels of organization (nucleosomes)
Histones - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- help DNA coil
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- site of manufacture of rRNA and assembly of
ribosomal sub units
Nuclear envelope - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- two lipid bilayers supported by a lattice like
sheet called the nuclear lamina (double membrane)
nuclear pores - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials
to pass in and out of the nucleus
-mRNA moves OUT; building blocks of DNA, rRNA and enzymes that work the nucleus IN
endomembrane system - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- regulates protein traffic and performs
metabolic functions
-Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi body
Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- lipid/steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs,
calcium storage
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- receives, modifies, stores and ships proteins
from ER
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- make proteins that function in the cell
ER-attached ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- make proteins for export in membrane
bound vesicles (Secretion)
, What does the movement of proteins require? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- energy and needs
to be tightly regulated
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- sites of cellular respiration
-have a double membrane
-outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane is folded into cristae
Microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- provide tracks for "motor proteins" (kinesin) to
carry cargo (transport vesicles) around the cells
centrosome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- microtubule-organizing centre
dynein arms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- motor protein that connect each pair of
microtubules
basal body - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- anchors the whole structure to the cell
3 types of cell junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- tight junctions, desmosomes, gap
junctions
Desmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- function like rivets binding adjacent cytoskeletons
(muscle cells)
tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- form watertight seals (in cells that form barriers
like epithelial cells)
Gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to
another
Passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- ex. diffusion and osmosis
-*down* concentration gradients: don't require energy
and CORRECT Answers
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- network of fibres that organize internal structure
and activities in the cell
What do the connections between cells function in? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- They
coordinate cell activities
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes
Prokaryote description - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- single, circular chromosome, plasmids,
cell wall
Examples of eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- protists, fungi, plants, animals
List four reasons why eukaryotic cells have such complex compartmentalization - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 1. attachment of membrane bound proteins
2. incompatible reactions can be separated
3. division of labor
4. organelles transport is more rapid
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- eukaryotic cell's information storage and retrieval
centre
What does the nucleus contain? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- chromosomes, chromatin,
nucleolus, nuclear envelope
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- DNA; carries genetic information
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- complex of DNA and proteins
,-has several levels of organization (nucleosomes)
Histones - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- help DNA coil
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- site of manufacture of rRNA and assembly of
ribosomal sub units
Nuclear envelope - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- two lipid bilayers supported by a lattice like
sheet called the nuclear lamina (double membrane)
nuclear pores - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials
to pass in and out of the nucleus
-mRNA moves OUT; building blocks of DNA, rRNA and enzymes that work the nucleus IN
endomembrane system - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- regulates protein traffic and performs
metabolic functions
-Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi body
Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- lipid/steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs,
calcium storage
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- receives, modifies, stores and ships proteins
from ER
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- make proteins that function in the cell
ER-attached ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- make proteins for export in membrane
bound vesicles (Secretion)
, What does the movement of proteins require? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- energy and needs
to be tightly regulated
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- sites of cellular respiration
-have a double membrane
-outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane is folded into cristae
Microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- provide tracks for "motor proteins" (kinesin) to
carry cargo (transport vesicles) around the cells
centrosome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- microtubule-organizing centre
dynein arms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- motor protein that connect each pair of
microtubules
basal body - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- anchors the whole structure to the cell
3 types of cell junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- tight junctions, desmosomes, gap
junctions
Desmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- function like rivets binding adjacent cytoskeletons
(muscle cells)
tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- form watertight seals (in cells that form barriers
like epithelial cells)
Gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to
another
Passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- ex. diffusion and osmosis
-*down* concentration gradients: don't require energy
