Lifespan Psychology Exam 1 Questions With Completely Solved Answers

lifespan development - ANSWER-the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan continuous development - ANSWER-gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those previous levels discontinuous development - ANSWER-development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages id - ANSWER-raw unorganized, inborn part of personality that is present at birth; pleasure principle ego - ANSWER-rational and reasonable; buffer between real world outside of us and primitive id; reality principle superego - ANSWER-person's conscious, incorporating distinctions between right and wrong; develops around 5 or 6, learned from parents, teachers, and other significant figures behaviorism - ANSWER-development can be understood through studying observable behavior and environment stimuli who were the leading figures in behaviorism - ANSWER-John Watson, BF Skinner, Albert Bandura bioecological approach to development - ANSWER-suggests that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals correlation - ANSWER-the research that seeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists correlation coefficient - ANSWER-ranges between -1 - 0 - +1; positive = value of one factor increases, other value also increases, negative = value of one increases, value of other declines experiment - ANSWER-a process in which an investigator (experimenter) devises two different experiences for participants independant variable - ANSWER-researchers manipulate dependant variable - ANSWER-researchers measure in an experiment and expect to change as a result of the experimental manipulation cohort - ANSWER-a group of people born at around the same time in the same place longitudinal design - ANSWER-research in which the behavior of one or more participants in a study is measured as they age cross-sectional design - ANSWER-research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time sequential design - ANSWER-research in which researchers examine a number of different age groups over several points in time gene - ANSWER-the basic unit of genetic information; 25000 human genes chromosome - ANSWER-a rod-shaped portion of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs monozygotic twins - ANSWER-twins who are genetically identical dizygotic twins - ANSWER-twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time teratogen - ANSWER-a factor that produces a birth defect germinal stage - ANSWER-characterized by methodical cell division and attachment of blastocyst to uteran wall; called a zygote; first two weeks following conception embryonic stage - ANSWER-2-8 weeks following fertilization; called an embryo; 3 layers; ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm fetal stage - ANSWER-8 weeks-birth; called a fetus; increases in size dramatically; organs differentiated and operational neonate - ANSWER-term used for newborns first stage of labor - ANSWER-longest stage, uterine contractions occur every 8-10 minutes and last about 30 seconds second stage of labor - ANSWER-bead travels through birth canal, lasts 90 min., after each contraction the babies' head emerges, episiotomy is sometimes made, baby is born