Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 Maryville
147Questions and Answers (Latest Update
2024/2025)RATED A+
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin
aka protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: - CORRECT ANSWERS is considered a
contraindication to administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life? - CORRECT ANSWERS Half-life specifically
means the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway cleared
from the system.
Peak of action: - CORRECT ANSWERS the time between drug administration
and maximum concentration of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
Duration of action: - CORRECT ANSWERS the time between onset of action
and metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an effect. The length of
time you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process? - CORRECT
ANSWERS The first step is to define the patient's problem
The second step is to - CORRECT ANSWERS specify the therapeutic
objective
The third step is to - CORRECT ANSWERS choose which drug or treatment
is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWERS Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWERS Educate the patient
,Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 Maryville
147Questions and Answers (Latest Update
2024/2025)RATED A+
Step 6 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWERS Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS The drug is tested on
healthy volunteers
Phase 2 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS trials with people who
have the disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS Large numbers of
patients in medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger
sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA will
approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS This phase is
voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at
the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports from
doctors and other health care professionals about the therapeutic results and
adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example, have been found to be
toxic and have been removed from the market after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS much of the drug is
lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces the
bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption: - CORRECT ANSWERS The fastest
route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV
administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb? - CORRECT ANSWERS The GI
tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in order
to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 Maryville
147Questions and Answers (Latest Update
2024/2025)RATED A+
What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug?
- CORRECT ANSWERS the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially
lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are
generally permeable only to small and uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a
molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
What is solubility? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solubility favors charged species,
permeability favors neutral species. Some molecules have special exchange
proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex
membrane systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane depends on: - CORRECT ANSWERS
whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily cross
through cell membranes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble drugs can also
cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain.
As a drug travels through the body, it comes in contact with? - CORRECT
ANSWERS proteins such as the plasma protein albumin. The drug can
remain free or bind to the protein. The portion of a drug that's bound to a protein is
inactive and can't exert a therapeutic effect. Only the free, or unbound, portion
remains active. A drug is said to be highly protein-bound if more than 80% of the
drug is bound to protein.
Identify drug metabolism and the role of isoenzymes in the p450 system -
CORRECT ANSWERS CYPs are the are the major enzymes involved in drug
metabolism accounting for about 75% of the total metabolism.
Naturally occurring compounds may induce or inhibit CYP activity. - CORRECT
ANSWERS For example, bioactive compounds found in grapefruit juice and
some other fruit juices including dihydroxy forgotten and parasitin A have been
found to inhibit CYP3a4 mediated metabolism of certain medications leading to
increased bioavailability and the strong possibility of overdosing.
147Questions and Answers (Latest Update
2024/2025)RATED A+
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin
aka protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: - CORRECT ANSWERS is considered a
contraindication to administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life? - CORRECT ANSWERS Half-life specifically
means the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway cleared
from the system.
Peak of action: - CORRECT ANSWERS the time between drug administration
and maximum concentration of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
Duration of action: - CORRECT ANSWERS the time between onset of action
and metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an effect. The length of
time you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process? - CORRECT
ANSWERS The first step is to define the patient's problem
The second step is to - CORRECT ANSWERS specify the therapeutic
objective
The third step is to - CORRECT ANSWERS choose which drug or treatment
is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWERS Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWERS Educate the patient
,Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 Maryville
147Questions and Answers (Latest Update
2024/2025)RATED A+
Step 6 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWERS Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS The drug is tested on
healthy volunteers
Phase 2 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS trials with people who
have the disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS Large numbers of
patients in medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger
sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA will
approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWERS This phase is
voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at
the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports from
doctors and other health care professionals about the therapeutic results and
adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example, have been found to be
toxic and have been removed from the market after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS much of the drug is
lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces the
bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption: - CORRECT ANSWERS The fastest
route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV
administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb? - CORRECT ANSWERS The GI
tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in order
to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 Maryville
147Questions and Answers (Latest Update
2024/2025)RATED A+
What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug?
- CORRECT ANSWERS the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially
lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are
generally permeable only to small and uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a
molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
What is solubility? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solubility favors charged species,
permeability favors neutral species. Some molecules have special exchange
proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex
membrane systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane depends on: - CORRECT ANSWERS
whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily cross
through cell membranes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble drugs can also
cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain.
As a drug travels through the body, it comes in contact with? - CORRECT
ANSWERS proteins such as the plasma protein albumin. The drug can
remain free or bind to the protein. The portion of a drug that's bound to a protein is
inactive and can't exert a therapeutic effect. Only the free, or unbound, portion
remains active. A drug is said to be highly protein-bound if more than 80% of the
drug is bound to protein.
Identify drug metabolism and the role of isoenzymes in the p450 system -
CORRECT ANSWERS CYPs are the are the major enzymes involved in drug
metabolism accounting for about 75% of the total metabolism.
Naturally occurring compounds may induce or inhibit CYP activity. - CORRECT
ANSWERS For example, bioactive compounds found in grapefruit juice and
some other fruit juices including dihydroxy forgotten and parasitin A have been
found to inhibit CYP3a4 mediated metabolism of certain medications leading to
increased bioavailability and the strong possibility of overdosing.
