©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
FPCC EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS
never events - ANSWER✔✔-preventable errors, which may include falls, urinary tract infections from
improper use of catheters, and pressure ulcers
Standardized tools - ANSWER✔✔--outcomes
-limited range of answers
-have gone through validity and reliability
Hypovalemia - ANSWER✔✔-low blood volume. Blood loss can result from external injuries, internal
bleeding, or certain obstetric emergencies.
Dehydration - ANSWER✔✔-A serious reduction in the body's water content
orthostatic hypotension - ANSWER✔✔-Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural
changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Normal sodium levels - ANSWER✔✔-135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium levels - ANSWER✔✔-3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal magnesium levels - ANSWER✔✔-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
normal phosphate levels - ANSWER✔✔-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Primary fluid compartments - ANSWER✔✔-intracellular and extracellular, intravascular, interstitial
intracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid within cells
extracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid outside the cell
interstitial fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid in the spaces between cells
intravascular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid within blood vessels
transcellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-Transcellular fluid is fluid separated from other fluids by a cellular
barrier and consists of cerebrospinal, pleural, gastrointestinal, intraocular, peritoneal, and synovial fluids
(Elgart, 2004). Loss of transcellular fluid can produce fluid and electrolyte disturbance.
Third-Spacing of Fluid - ANSWER✔✔-Fluid shifts out of the blood into a body cavity or tissue and can no
longer reenter vascular compartment
Isotonic - ANSWER✔✔-when the concentration of two solutions is the same
Sensible fluid loss - ANSWER✔✔-body fluid loss that is noticeable, such as through urine output and
sweating
insensible fluid loss - ANSWER✔✔-is the amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily measured, from
the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted stool.
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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Hormones - ANSWER✔✔-the principal regulators of fluid and electrolyte balance
Hypovalemia - ANSWER✔✔-low blood volume
Excess fluid volume - ANSWER✔✔-increased isotonic fluid retention
edema - ANSWER✔✔-puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
causes Hypervolemia - ANSWER✔✔-Heart failure
Kidney disease
Cirrhosis
Overdose of sodium concentrated fluids
Fluid shifts in burns
Prolonged use of corticosteroids
Severe stress
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypervolemia - ANSWER✔✔-fluid volume excess
signs of hypervolemia - ANSWER✔✔-: Tachypnea
Page 3/30
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
FPCC EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS
never events - ANSWER✔✔-preventable errors, which may include falls, urinary tract infections from
improper use of catheters, and pressure ulcers
Standardized tools - ANSWER✔✔--outcomes
-limited range of answers
-have gone through validity and reliability
Hypovalemia - ANSWER✔✔-low blood volume. Blood loss can result from external injuries, internal
bleeding, or certain obstetric emergencies.
Dehydration - ANSWER✔✔-A serious reduction in the body's water content
orthostatic hypotension - ANSWER✔✔-Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural
changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Normal sodium levels - ANSWER✔✔-135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium levels - ANSWER✔✔-3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal magnesium levels - ANSWER✔✔-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Page 1/30
, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
normal phosphate levels - ANSWER✔✔-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Primary fluid compartments - ANSWER✔✔-intracellular and extracellular, intravascular, interstitial
intracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid within cells
extracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid outside the cell
interstitial fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid in the spaces between cells
intravascular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid within blood vessels
transcellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-Transcellular fluid is fluid separated from other fluids by a cellular
barrier and consists of cerebrospinal, pleural, gastrointestinal, intraocular, peritoneal, and synovial fluids
(Elgart, 2004). Loss of transcellular fluid can produce fluid and electrolyte disturbance.
Third-Spacing of Fluid - ANSWER✔✔-Fluid shifts out of the blood into a body cavity or tissue and can no
longer reenter vascular compartment
Isotonic - ANSWER✔✔-when the concentration of two solutions is the same
Sensible fluid loss - ANSWER✔✔-body fluid loss that is noticeable, such as through urine output and
sweating
insensible fluid loss - ANSWER✔✔-is the amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily measured, from
the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted stool.
Page 2/30
, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Hormones - ANSWER✔✔-the principal regulators of fluid and electrolyte balance
Hypovalemia - ANSWER✔✔-low blood volume
Excess fluid volume - ANSWER✔✔-increased isotonic fluid retention
edema - ANSWER✔✔-puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
causes Hypervolemia - ANSWER✔✔-Heart failure
Kidney disease
Cirrhosis
Overdose of sodium concentrated fluids
Fluid shifts in burns
Prolonged use of corticosteroids
Severe stress
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypervolemia - ANSWER✔✔-fluid volume excess
signs of hypervolemia - ANSWER✔✔-: Tachypnea
Page 3/30
