BMD 321 Test 1 With Complete
Solution
E. coli in elephants. What is meant by the phrase unity of biochemistry? What are the
implications of the unity of bio chemistry? - Answer All organisms are in this example E.
coli in elephants are remarkably similar at the molecular level and can be traced back to
possible similar ancestors
Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA - Answer It is double
stranded, and its sugar is deoxyribose and has the base thymine. RNA is usually
single-stranded and it sugar is ribose and uses uracil
Differentiate between proteins and glycogen in regard to their polymeric structure -
Answer Proteins are linear polymers composed from 20 different amino acids. Glycogen
is a branched polymer composed of only glucose.
Defined the central dogma of biology - Answer Describes the fundamental information
flow in biological systems. DNA is replicated to form new DNA which is transcribed into
RNA and then the RNA is translated into proteins.
Define replication, transcription, and translation, in regard to the central dogma -
Answer Replication is the generation of two daughter double helices from a single
parent double helix. The process is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Transcription is the
process of copying DNA information into RNA and is catalyzed by RNA polymerase.
Translation converts the sequence information of RNA into proteins and takes place on
ribosomes.
What is an enzyme? - Answer Is usually a protein catalyst, although some types of RNA
also function as catalysts these catalyst, enhance the rate of chemical reaction without
them something permanently altered
Differentiate between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells - Answer Eukaryotic cells
contain a nucleus and a complex of membrane-bounded internal structures called
organelles. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and lack the complex internal
organization of eukaryotic cells.
What is an organelle? - Answer Any of the number of membrane bounded structures
inside eukaryotic cells
Which organelles are surrounded by two membranes - Answer Mitochondria,
chloroplasts, and nuclei.
How does the nuclear membrane different from other membranes? - Answer Nuclear
membrane is not continuous. It is a set of close membranes that come together at pores
,12) Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
1- location of most of the cells, DNA
2-site of fuel oxidation
3-separates the inside of a cell from the outside
4-carries important bio chemicals into the cell
A-endosome
B-plasma membrane
C-nucleus
D-mitochondria - Answer 1-C
2-D
3-B
4-A
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
5-membrane with ribosomes attached
6-site of photosynthesis
7-contains digestive enzyme
8-destined for fusion with the plasma membrane
A-rough endoplasmic recticulum
B-chloroplast
C-lysosome
D-secretory granules - Answer 5-A
6-B
7-C
8-D
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
9-common form of cytoplasmic membrane
10-site of carbohydrate addition to proteins
, 11-facilitate communication between the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the golgi
complex
12-processes exogenous chemicals
A-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B-golgi complex
C-endoplasmic reticulum
D-transport vesicles - Answer 9-C
10-B
11-D
12-A
Water is said to be polar but uncharged. How is that possible? - Answer Water is polar,
and that the hydrogen atoms bear a partial positive charge, and the oxygen has a partial
negative charge, owing to the electronegative nature of the oxygen atom
Why are weak bonds important in biochemistry? - Answer Many weak bonds allow for
highly specific yet transient interactions.
What common types of weak bonds are important in biochemistry? How does water
affect these bonds? - Answer Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals
interactions. Water disrupts ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. Because van der Waals
interactions are most common between hydrophobic groups, water can be said to
strengthen these bonds by facilitating their formation through the hydrophobic effect.
In liquid water, each molecule is hydrogen bonded to approximately 3.4 molecules of
water. What effect would freezing water have on the number of hydrogen bonds?
Heating water? - Answer Lowering the temperature would reduce the motion of the
water molecules and allow the formation of more hydrogen bonds, which is indeed the
case: each molecule of water in ice is hydrogen bonded to approximately 3.7 molecules
of water. The opposite takes place as the water is heated, and fewer hydrogen bonds
would be expected to form. At 100°C, a molecule of water is hydrogen bonded to 3.2
water molecules.
What is an electronegative atom and why are such items important in biochemistry? -
Answer An atom has a high affinity for electrons consequently, when bonded to a
hydrogen atom, electronegative atom assumes a partial negative charge and hydrogen
atom assumes a partial positive charge. This polarity allows the formation of hydrogen
bonds.
Define hydrophobic affect - Answer This effect is the tendency of nonpolar molecules to
interact with one another in the presence of water. This interaction is powered by the
Solution
E. coli in elephants. What is meant by the phrase unity of biochemistry? What are the
implications of the unity of bio chemistry? - Answer All organisms are in this example E.
coli in elephants are remarkably similar at the molecular level and can be traced back to
possible similar ancestors
Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA - Answer It is double
stranded, and its sugar is deoxyribose and has the base thymine. RNA is usually
single-stranded and it sugar is ribose and uses uracil
Differentiate between proteins and glycogen in regard to their polymeric structure -
Answer Proteins are linear polymers composed from 20 different amino acids. Glycogen
is a branched polymer composed of only glucose.
Defined the central dogma of biology - Answer Describes the fundamental information
flow in biological systems. DNA is replicated to form new DNA which is transcribed into
RNA and then the RNA is translated into proteins.
Define replication, transcription, and translation, in regard to the central dogma -
Answer Replication is the generation of two daughter double helices from a single
parent double helix. The process is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Transcription is the
process of copying DNA information into RNA and is catalyzed by RNA polymerase.
Translation converts the sequence information of RNA into proteins and takes place on
ribosomes.
What is an enzyme? - Answer Is usually a protein catalyst, although some types of RNA
also function as catalysts these catalyst, enhance the rate of chemical reaction without
them something permanently altered
Differentiate between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells - Answer Eukaryotic cells
contain a nucleus and a complex of membrane-bounded internal structures called
organelles. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and lack the complex internal
organization of eukaryotic cells.
What is an organelle? - Answer Any of the number of membrane bounded structures
inside eukaryotic cells
Which organelles are surrounded by two membranes - Answer Mitochondria,
chloroplasts, and nuclei.
How does the nuclear membrane different from other membranes? - Answer Nuclear
membrane is not continuous. It is a set of close membranes that come together at pores
,12) Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
1- location of most of the cells, DNA
2-site of fuel oxidation
3-separates the inside of a cell from the outside
4-carries important bio chemicals into the cell
A-endosome
B-plasma membrane
C-nucleus
D-mitochondria - Answer 1-C
2-D
3-B
4-A
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
5-membrane with ribosomes attached
6-site of photosynthesis
7-contains digestive enzyme
8-destined for fusion with the plasma membrane
A-rough endoplasmic recticulum
B-chloroplast
C-lysosome
D-secretory granules - Answer 5-A
6-B
7-C
8-D
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
9-common form of cytoplasmic membrane
10-site of carbohydrate addition to proteins
, 11-facilitate communication between the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the golgi
complex
12-processes exogenous chemicals
A-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B-golgi complex
C-endoplasmic reticulum
D-transport vesicles - Answer 9-C
10-B
11-D
12-A
Water is said to be polar but uncharged. How is that possible? - Answer Water is polar,
and that the hydrogen atoms bear a partial positive charge, and the oxygen has a partial
negative charge, owing to the electronegative nature of the oxygen atom
Why are weak bonds important in biochemistry? - Answer Many weak bonds allow for
highly specific yet transient interactions.
What common types of weak bonds are important in biochemistry? How does water
affect these bonds? - Answer Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals
interactions. Water disrupts ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. Because van der Waals
interactions are most common between hydrophobic groups, water can be said to
strengthen these bonds by facilitating their formation through the hydrophobic effect.
In liquid water, each molecule is hydrogen bonded to approximately 3.4 molecules of
water. What effect would freezing water have on the number of hydrogen bonds?
Heating water? - Answer Lowering the temperature would reduce the motion of the
water molecules and allow the formation of more hydrogen bonds, which is indeed the
case: each molecule of water in ice is hydrogen bonded to approximately 3.7 molecules
of water. The opposite takes place as the water is heated, and fewer hydrogen bonds
would be expected to form. At 100°C, a molecule of water is hydrogen bonded to 3.2
water molecules.
What is an electronegative atom and why are such items important in biochemistry? -
Answer An atom has a high affinity for electrons consequently, when bonded to a
hydrogen atom, electronegative atom assumes a partial negative charge and hydrogen
atom assumes a partial positive charge. This polarity allows the formation of hydrogen
bonds.
Define hydrophobic affect - Answer This effect is the tendency of nonpolar molecules to
interact with one another in the presence of water. This interaction is powered by the
