EXPH 386 Exam1
One calorie is defines as the amount of heat requires to raise ______ kg of water by ______ degrees
celcius - Answer-1
1
The sun transfers its energy to a car and subsequently warms it. The term that describes this process is -
Answer-heat
this term describes how hot or cold an object is - Answer-temperature
The energy yield from food is in part determined by the efficiency of digestion - Answer-coefficient of
digestibility
Why do lipids contain more energy that carbs or proteins? - Answer-lipids are more energy dense
because they have more hydrogen atoms that can be oxidized
energy relates to the ability to do _____ - Answer-work
the first law of thermodynamics is the.. - Answer-conservation of energy
,An object is dropped from the top of the building. Once the object is released and is halfway from the
ground, the object has ... - Answer-kinetic energy only???
when a lipid molecule is broken down, energy is subsequently released. This is an example of an -
Answer-exergonic reaction
T OR F
the second law of thermodynamics states that the transfer of potential energy in any spontaneous
process always proceeds in a direction that increases the capacity to perform work. - Answer-false
Two examples of energy conversion: - Answer--photosynthesis (captures energy that we utilize as food
and oxygen)
- cellular respiration (energy released becomes conserved in compounds used for biological processes)
T OR F
enzymes are consumed during a reaction - Answer-false
How do enzymes increase the rate of the forward and reverse reactions? - Answer-they accelerate the
forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions within the body WITHOUT being consumed or changed
in the reaction (therefore enzymes have a slow turnover rate and can be reused)
Reaction rates depend on what three factors? - Answer--PH
-temp
- availability of substrates
Pyruvate gains two hydrogens and thus forms lactate. This reaction is known as _______ reaction.
With this example, pyruvate is being ______ - Answer--reduction
, -oxidized
What are the three types of biological work in humans? Examples? - Answer-1.mechanical- muscle
action
2. chemical- synthesizes cellular molecules such as glycogen, protein
3. transport- concentration substrates such as Na+ and K+ ions in intra and extracellular fluids
What is the purpose of a buffer? - Answer-a chemical or physiological mechanism that prevents changes
in the H+ concentration and therefore PH
Involves any process in which the atoms in an element gain electrons, with a corresponding decrease in
valence - Answer-reduction reaction
refers to the substance being reduced - Answer-oxidizing agent
any substance that ionizes in solution to give off H+ - Answer-acid
oxidation and reduction reactions that take place together - Answer-redox reaction
the term that refers to gain of electrons - Answer-reduction
refers to the substance being oxidized - Answer-reducing agent
reactions that transfer oxygen, hydrogen atoms or electrons. (a loss of electrons, with a corresponding
gain in valency) - Answer-oxidation reaction
Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a water solution. - Answer-Base
One calorie is defines as the amount of heat requires to raise ______ kg of water by ______ degrees
celcius - Answer-1
1
The sun transfers its energy to a car and subsequently warms it. The term that describes this process is -
Answer-heat
this term describes how hot or cold an object is - Answer-temperature
The energy yield from food is in part determined by the efficiency of digestion - Answer-coefficient of
digestibility
Why do lipids contain more energy that carbs or proteins? - Answer-lipids are more energy dense
because they have more hydrogen atoms that can be oxidized
energy relates to the ability to do _____ - Answer-work
the first law of thermodynamics is the.. - Answer-conservation of energy
,An object is dropped from the top of the building. Once the object is released and is halfway from the
ground, the object has ... - Answer-kinetic energy only???
when a lipid molecule is broken down, energy is subsequently released. This is an example of an -
Answer-exergonic reaction
T OR F
the second law of thermodynamics states that the transfer of potential energy in any spontaneous
process always proceeds in a direction that increases the capacity to perform work. - Answer-false
Two examples of energy conversion: - Answer--photosynthesis (captures energy that we utilize as food
and oxygen)
- cellular respiration (energy released becomes conserved in compounds used for biological processes)
T OR F
enzymes are consumed during a reaction - Answer-false
How do enzymes increase the rate of the forward and reverse reactions? - Answer-they accelerate the
forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions within the body WITHOUT being consumed or changed
in the reaction (therefore enzymes have a slow turnover rate and can be reused)
Reaction rates depend on what three factors? - Answer--PH
-temp
- availability of substrates
Pyruvate gains two hydrogens and thus forms lactate. This reaction is known as _______ reaction.
With this example, pyruvate is being ______ - Answer--reduction
, -oxidized
What are the three types of biological work in humans? Examples? - Answer-1.mechanical- muscle
action
2. chemical- synthesizes cellular molecules such as glycogen, protein
3. transport- concentration substrates such as Na+ and K+ ions in intra and extracellular fluids
What is the purpose of a buffer? - Answer-a chemical or physiological mechanism that prevents changes
in the H+ concentration and therefore PH
Involves any process in which the atoms in an element gain electrons, with a corresponding decrease in
valence - Answer-reduction reaction
refers to the substance being reduced - Answer-oxidizing agent
any substance that ionizes in solution to give off H+ - Answer-acid
oxidation and reduction reactions that take place together - Answer-redox reaction
the term that refers to gain of electrons - Answer-reduction
refers to the substance being oxidized - Answer-reducing agent
reactions that transfer oxygen, hydrogen atoms or electrons. (a loss of electrons, with a corresponding
gain in valency) - Answer-oxidation reaction
Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a water solution. - Answer-Base
