NURS 305
Pharmacology
FINAL EXAM READINESS
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Question : A patient with atrial fibrillation is prescribed
warfarin. What is the primary mechanism of action of
warfarin?
- A) Inhibition of platelet aggregation
- B) Inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase
- C) Activation of antithrombin III
- D) Direct thrombin inhibition
Answer : B) Inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase
Rationale : Warfarin acts by inhibiting the enzyme
vitamin K epoxide reductase, which is necessary for the
synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
2. Question : When prescribing an ACE inhibitor for a
patient with hypertension, which electrolyte should be
closely monitored?
- A) Sodium
- B) Potassium
- C) Calcium
- D) Magnesium
Answer : B) Potassium
Rationale : ACE inhibitors can lead to hyperkalemia,
hence the need to monitor serum potassium levels.
3. Question : Which is a common side effect associated
with long-term use of corticosteroids?
- A) Hyperpigmentation
- B) Osteoporosis
- C) Hypoglycemia
- D) Weight loss
©2024/2025
, Answer : B) Osteoporosis
Rationale : Long-term corticosteroid use can lead to
decreased bone density, resulting in osteoporosis.
4. Question : Metformin is contraindicated in patients with:
- A) Type 1 diabetes
- B) Renal impairment
- C) Essential hypertension
- D) Hyperlipidemia
Answer : B) Renal impairment
Rationale : Metformin is contraindicated in patients with
renal impairment due to the risk of lactic acidosis.
5. Question : Which of the following biotransformation
processes converts lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble
metabolites?
- A) Reduction
- B) Hydrolysis
- C) Conjugation
- D) Oxidation
Answer : C) Conjugation
Rationale : Conjugation reactions involve the addition of
a polar group, increasing water solubility for renal
elimination.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. Question : The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is
__________.
Answer : N-acetylcysteine
©2024/2025
Pharmacology
FINAL EXAM READINESS
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Question : A patient with atrial fibrillation is prescribed
warfarin. What is the primary mechanism of action of
warfarin?
- A) Inhibition of platelet aggregation
- B) Inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase
- C) Activation of antithrombin III
- D) Direct thrombin inhibition
Answer : B) Inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase
Rationale : Warfarin acts by inhibiting the enzyme
vitamin K epoxide reductase, which is necessary for the
synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
2. Question : When prescribing an ACE inhibitor for a
patient with hypertension, which electrolyte should be
closely monitored?
- A) Sodium
- B) Potassium
- C) Calcium
- D) Magnesium
Answer : B) Potassium
Rationale : ACE inhibitors can lead to hyperkalemia,
hence the need to monitor serum potassium levels.
3. Question : Which is a common side effect associated
with long-term use of corticosteroids?
- A) Hyperpigmentation
- B) Osteoporosis
- C) Hypoglycemia
- D) Weight loss
©2024/2025
, Answer : B) Osteoporosis
Rationale : Long-term corticosteroid use can lead to
decreased bone density, resulting in osteoporosis.
4. Question : Metformin is contraindicated in patients with:
- A) Type 1 diabetes
- B) Renal impairment
- C) Essential hypertension
- D) Hyperlipidemia
Answer : B) Renal impairment
Rationale : Metformin is contraindicated in patients with
renal impairment due to the risk of lactic acidosis.
5. Question : Which of the following biotransformation
processes converts lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble
metabolites?
- A) Reduction
- B) Hydrolysis
- C) Conjugation
- D) Oxidation
Answer : C) Conjugation
Rationale : Conjugation reactions involve the addition of
a polar group, increasing water solubility for renal
elimination.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. Question : The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is
__________.
Answer : N-acetylcysteine
©2024/2025
