Surgical Technology - Chapter 9 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Rated 100%

Surgical Technology - Chapter 9 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Rated 100% Pharmacology - Answers Study of medications and their actions Drug - Answers Substance used as a medicine for diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention of disease or a condition 5 Main Drug Sources - Answers 1. Plants 2. Animals - Hormones 3. Minerals 4. Laboratory Synthesis 5. Biotechnology 1. Pharmacodynamics - Answers Study of the interaction of the drug molecules that target cells of living tissue Agonists - Answers A drug enhances the effect of another substance Example of Agonist - Answers In treating Parkinsons Disease, the drug Levodopa can cause Dyskinesias that inhibits a persons ability to function. Synergist - Answers Agonists that when combined with another drug produces a stronger or more powerful effect Example of Synergist - Answers - Lidocaine is an anesthetic agent that has the advantage of a rapid onset of action - Epinephrine (Adrenaline) vasocontricts arteries and delays the resorption of Lidocaine, almost doubling the duration of anesthesia Additive - Answers Agonists that alter some aspect of the action of the original agent Excipients - Answers - Pharmaceutical additive - Inactive ingredients used to make up a medication - Dyes, flavors, binders, fillers, lactose, sucrose, etc What do excipients help? - Answers A drug to disintegrate into particles small enough to reach the bloodstream more quickly What do excipients prevent? - Answers A drug from dissolving too early - protecting against stomach ache Antagonists - Answers Prevents an agonists from causing its effects - Interact selectively with receptors but do not lead to an observed effect Indications - Answers Listing of the medical conditions that the medication is known to treat Contraindications - Answers List of circumstances/medical conditions under which the medication should NOT be used Onset - Answers Time required from administration of a drug until its action becomes evident Duration - Answers Overall time the medication presents its effects Therapeutic Effect - Answers Dose of medication used to produce the desired result without producing harmful effects Adverse EEffect - Answers An undesirable and potentially harmful effect that can lead to organ damage or failure, or death 2. Pharmacokinetics - Answers Entire process of the drug within body 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Biotransformation 4. Excretion 1. Absorption - Answers Process where the substance is taken into the bloodstream Passive Transport - Answers Process of drug absorption into the bloodstream by capillaries What is Absorption influenced by? - Answers 1. Type of drug 2. Dosage 3. Route of administration 4. Patient's condition 2. Distribution - Answers Involves transport of the medication within the body once it enters the circulatory system ("highways") What is Distribution affected by? - Answers 1. Rate of absorption 2. Systemic circulation (heart function) 3. Regional blood flow 4. Plasma Protein binding 5. Tissue binding 6. Barriers (Placental/Blood brain) 3. Biotransformation - Answers The metabolism (break down) of the drug by the body - Often occurs in the liver - Drug is broken down into metabolites 4. Excretion - Answers Kidneys are primarily responsible for filtration of the medication from the blood and excreted through Routes of Administration - Answers Method used to deliver medicine into the body 1. Enteral - Answers - Oral - Rectal 2. Parenteral (Injection) - Answers - Intradermal (In skin) - Subcutaneous (Under skin) - Intramuscular (In muscle) - Intravenous (In vein) - Intra-articular (In joint) - Intrathecal (In spinal cord) - Intracardiac (In heart) 3. Topical - Answers - Buccal (Between cheek and teeth) - Sublingual (Under tongue)