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Kettering TMC/CSE Review

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Kettering TMC/CSE Review What are the 4 critical life functions (in order of priority)? ️️Ventilation Oxygenation Circulation Perfusion Measurements of ventilation? ️️RR Vt Chest movement Breath sounds PaCO2 ETCO2 Measurements of oxygenation? ️️HR - Most important sign Color - Cyanotic only if 5 mg/dL of Hb is lost Sensorium - LOC PaO2/SpO2 Measurements of circulation? ️️Heart rate and strength CO - Cardiac output Measurements of perfusion? ️️BP Sensorium - LOC Temperature - Cold and clammy means bad perfusion Urine output - Most important sign, if kidneys aren't being perfused nothing else is. Hemodynamics What life function is a common problem? ️️Oxygenation What does a physical examination consist of (in order)? ️️Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation Equation for pack years? ️️Packs smoked/day X years smoked What is the normal urine output? ️️Minimum 40 ml/hr or 1 L/day If urine intake is greater than output what problems can happen? ️️Weight gain - Bloating Electrolyte imbalance - Excessive fluid dilutes electrolytes. Increased hemodynamic pressures - Added vasculature volume. Decreased lung compliance What do changes in CVP represent? ️️Fluid balance What is CVP? ️️The pressure of venous return to the right heart Normal CVP? ️️2 - 6 mmHg What does a CVP of 6 mmHg indicate and what's the treatment? ️️Hypervolemia Tx is diuretics What does a CVP of 2 mmHg indicate and what's the treatme

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Kettering TMC/CSE Review

What are the 4 critical life functions (in order of priority)? ✔️✔️Ventilation

Oxygenation

Circulation

Perfusion



Measurements of ventilation? ✔️✔️RR

Vt

Chest movement

Breath sounds

PaCO2

ETCO2



Measurements of oxygenation? ✔️✔️HR - Most important sign

Color - Cyanotic only if 5 mg/dL of Hb is lost

Sensorium - LOC

PaO2/SpO2



Measurements of circulation? ✔️✔️Heart rate and strength

CO - Cardiac output



Measurements of perfusion? ✔️✔️BP

Sensorium - LOC

Temperature - Cold and clammy means bad perfusion

Urine output - Most important sign, if kidneys aren't being perfused nothing else is.

Hemodynamics

, What life function is a common problem? ✔️✔️Oxygenation



What does a physical examination consist of (in order)? ✔️✔️Inspection

Palpation

Percussion

Auscultation



Equation for pack years? ✔️✔️Packs smoked/day X years smoked



What is the normal urine output? ✔️✔️Minimum 40 ml/hr or 1 L/day



If urine intake is greater than output what problems can happen? ✔️✔️Weight gain - Bloating

Electrolyte imbalance - Excessive fluid dilutes electrolytes.

Increased hemodynamic pressures - Added vasculature volume.

Decreased lung compliance



What do changes in CVP represent? ✔️✔️Fluid balance



What is CVP? ✔️✔️The pressure of venous return to the right heart



Normal CVP? ✔️✔️2 - 6 mmHg



What does a CVP of >6 mmHg indicate and what's the treatment? ✔️✔️Hypervolemia

Tx is diuretics



What does a CVP of <2 mmHg indicate and what's the treatment? ✔️✔️Hypovolemia

Tx is fluid therapy

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