Medical Interventions EOC Review
questions with correct answers
What is the difference between gram (+) bacteria and gram (-) bacteria? -
🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Gram (+) bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan wall and a cell
membrane. Gram (-) bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan wall, a cell membrane, and
are covered with lipopolysaccharides and proteins.
What does a BLAST analysis do? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔BLAST compares the DNA
sequences input into it to its large database
What does the ELISA test do and what does it stand for? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ELISA-
Enzyme-linked-immunosorbant-assay
This is a test that takes advantage of some of the body's natural immune responses
to identify the presence of illness.
What is an antigen? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔An antigen is really a type of protein found
on the outside of every living cell (and virus!). Antigens are surface markers that
cells use to identify each other. It's how your body knows that your body cells are
truly yours, and they are how your body identifies cells and viruses that aren't
yours.
What is an antibody? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔The job of antibodies is to attach to
foreign antigens. By attaching, those foreign antigens are neutralized. That
attachment also signals other types of leukocytes (T lymphocytes) to come in and
destroy whatever the antibody is attached to. So, antibodies attach to antigens.
That is the principle behind an ELISA.
What are the symptoms of meningitis? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Fever; stiff neck; severe
headache; vomiting or nausea with headache; confusion or difficulty concentrating;
sensitivity to light; seizures; fatigue/difficulty waking up; loss of appetite; skin
rashes (in some cases)
What are β-Lactam Antibiotics and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊
✔✔Irreversibly inhibit enzymes involved in the final steps of cell wall synthesis. The
, enzymes inhibited by these drugs mediate the formation of the peptide bridges
between adjacent strands of peptidoglycan. These drugs vary in their spectrum of
activity; some are more active against Gram positive bacteria; whereas, others are
more active against Gram negative bacteria; example, Penicillin
What are tetracyclines and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Reversibly bind
to the 30S ribosomal subunit, blocking the attachment of tRNA to the ribosome and
preventing the continuation of protein synthesis. They are effective against certain
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; example, Doxycycline
What are sulfonamides and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Inhibit the
growth of many Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. They are structurally
similar to paraminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate in the pathway for folic acid
biosynthesis. Because of this similarity, the enzyme that normally binds with PABA
preferentially binds with the sulfonamide drugs, resulting in its competitive
inhibition. Human cells are not affected by these drugs because they lack this
enzyme; example, Sulfadiazine
What are fluoroquinolones and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Inhibit one
or more of a group of enzymes called topoisomerases, which maintain the
supercoiling of the chromosomal DNA within the bacterial cells. The inhibition of
these enzymes prevents essential cell processes. The fluoroquinolones are active
against a wide variety of bacteria, including both Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria; example, Ciprofloxacin
Starting from the outer ear, trace the pathway of structures to the inner ear. -
🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔1) Pinna (outer ear), 2) external auditory meatus, 3) tempanic
membrane (eardrum), 4) ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), 4) tympanic cavity, 5)
eustachian tube, 5) semicircular canals, 6) cochlea, 7) vestibular nerve, 8) facial
nerve, 9) cochlear nerve, 10) Internal auditory meatus
Does a higher frequency show a higher or lower pitch? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Higher
pitch
Conductive vs. sensorineural hearing loss? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Conductive hearing
loss - hearing loss of the outer ear; sensorineural hearing loss - hearing loss of the
inner ear
questions with correct answers
What is the difference between gram (+) bacteria and gram (-) bacteria? -
🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Gram (+) bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan wall and a cell
membrane. Gram (-) bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan wall, a cell membrane, and
are covered with lipopolysaccharides and proteins.
What does a BLAST analysis do? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔BLAST compares the DNA
sequences input into it to its large database
What does the ELISA test do and what does it stand for? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ELISA-
Enzyme-linked-immunosorbant-assay
This is a test that takes advantage of some of the body's natural immune responses
to identify the presence of illness.
What is an antigen? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔An antigen is really a type of protein found
on the outside of every living cell (and virus!). Antigens are surface markers that
cells use to identify each other. It's how your body knows that your body cells are
truly yours, and they are how your body identifies cells and viruses that aren't
yours.
What is an antibody? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔The job of antibodies is to attach to
foreign antigens. By attaching, those foreign antigens are neutralized. That
attachment also signals other types of leukocytes (T lymphocytes) to come in and
destroy whatever the antibody is attached to. So, antibodies attach to antigens.
That is the principle behind an ELISA.
What are the symptoms of meningitis? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Fever; stiff neck; severe
headache; vomiting or nausea with headache; confusion or difficulty concentrating;
sensitivity to light; seizures; fatigue/difficulty waking up; loss of appetite; skin
rashes (in some cases)
What are β-Lactam Antibiotics and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊
✔✔Irreversibly inhibit enzymes involved in the final steps of cell wall synthesis. The
, enzymes inhibited by these drugs mediate the formation of the peptide bridges
between adjacent strands of peptidoglycan. These drugs vary in their spectrum of
activity; some are more active against Gram positive bacteria; whereas, others are
more active against Gram negative bacteria; example, Penicillin
What are tetracyclines and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Reversibly bind
to the 30S ribosomal subunit, blocking the attachment of tRNA to the ribosome and
preventing the continuation of protein synthesis. They are effective against certain
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; example, Doxycycline
What are sulfonamides and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Inhibit the
growth of many Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. They are structurally
similar to paraminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate in the pathway for folic acid
biosynthesis. Because of this similarity, the enzyme that normally binds with PABA
preferentially binds with the sulfonamide drugs, resulting in its competitive
inhibition. Human cells are not affected by these drugs because they lack this
enzyme; example, Sulfadiazine
What are fluoroquinolones and what is an example? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Inhibit one
or more of a group of enzymes called topoisomerases, which maintain the
supercoiling of the chromosomal DNA within the bacterial cells. The inhibition of
these enzymes prevents essential cell processes. The fluoroquinolones are active
against a wide variety of bacteria, including both Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria; example, Ciprofloxacin
Starting from the outer ear, trace the pathway of structures to the inner ear. -
🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔1) Pinna (outer ear), 2) external auditory meatus, 3) tempanic
membrane (eardrum), 4) ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), 4) tympanic cavity, 5)
eustachian tube, 5) semicircular canals, 6) cochlea, 7) vestibular nerve, 8) facial
nerve, 9) cochlear nerve, 10) Internal auditory meatus
Does a higher frequency show a higher or lower pitch? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Higher
pitch
Conductive vs. sensorineural hearing loss? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔Conductive hearing
loss - hearing loss of the outer ear; sensorineural hearing loss - hearing loss of the
inner ear
