ANSC 221 - Final Exam All Answers Correct

ANSC 221 - Final Exam All Answers Correct Grasses: • Palatable when immature • Ability to grow in most environments • Low mineral, vitamin content Legumes: • Protein roughages 10% CP • Improve soil fertility, high in Ca and Vit A • High yield of palatable feed ️️What are the differences between grasses and legumes? Adv • Alfalfa - high quality, high protein, highest yield potential • Clover - quality Disadv • Alfalfa - bloat problems, not tolerant of continuous grazing • Clovers - bloat problems • Red - less root, shorter life • Sweet Clover - coumarin + mold → dicourmerol (rat posion) ️️What are the advantages and disadvantages of legumes? Adv • Kentucky Bluegrass - long lived • Smooth Bromegrass - erosion control • Timothy - hay, pasture Disadv • Orchardgrass - palatability declines as it matures, deterrent to bloat ️️What are the advantages and disadvantages of grasses? Big bluestem Indian grass Switch grass Timothy Kentucky Bluegrass Fescue Orchardgrass ️️What are the common grass forages? Alfalfa Red Clover White Dutch Clover Alsike Clover Ladino Clover Soybeans Crownvetch Hairy Vetch Birdsfood Trefoil Sweet Clover ️️What are the common legume forages? 1. Fresh forage 2. Made for grazing 3. Has endurance 4. Can withstand trampling 5. Mix of plants ️️What are the characteristics of pastures? 1. Preserves crops due to fermentation 2. Proper moisture 3. Feeds more per acre 4. High quality feed 5. Wastes little ️️What are the characteristics of silages? 1. Dried 2. Can provide a lot of energy ️️What are the characteristics of hay? Making - chopping: allows for better packing so excess air is forced out Preserving - packaging: sealed, oxygen limiting structures, in upright silos ️️What is the most important factor to making and preserving good silage? 1. Corn grounds - add dry matter and energy 2. Molasses - sugars for the microbes to ferment 3. Sulfur dioxide - fermentation will convert to sulfuric acid 4. Limestone - more complete fermentation 5. Urea - converted to CP by microbes to raise feeding value 6. Microbial cultures - lactic acid formers ️️What additives might you add to silage and why? Neutral Detergent Fiber - reflects forage intake, indicates bulkiness of feed ️️What is NDF and what does it pertain to and indicate? Acid Detergent Fiber - basically cellulose and lingin, reflects digestibility, (High ADF = low digestibility) ️️What is ADF and what does it pertain to and indicate? 1. Species of plant