Tcat Pharm 12 Test With
Complete Solution
A nurse is visiting an 80-year-old female patient in her home. She is receiving
0.15 mg of oral digoxin daily. She also takes hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg twice
a day. She complains of blurred vision and nausea. The nurse observes that
she is confused and disoriented at times. Which is most likely to be the
problem?
a. The patient needs to have her hydrochlorothiazide increased.
b. The patient may have digitalis toxicity.
c. The patient may have developed chronic heart failure.
d. The patient may have Alzheimer disease. - ANSWER ANS: B
Cardiotonics are very powerful and can act as poisons on the heart. When a
patient begins to show toxic or harmful reactions from too much medication,
the term digitalis toxicity is used.
The physician has started a patient on propranolol (Inderal LA), a beta
blocker. The nurse knows this drug is used in the treatment of migraine
headaches and which other conditions?
a. Angina
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Bradycardia
,d. Bronchospasm - ANSWER ANS: A
Propranolol (Inderal LA) is a class II beta blocker used in the treatment of
migraines and angina.
The physician tells the nurse that a patient is hypokalemic. He has been
taking a thiazide medication for treatment of his high blood pressure. Which
should the nurse instruct him to increase his dietary intake of?
a. Green leafy vegetables
b. Sodium
c. Bananas and citrus fruits
d. Low-fat products - ANSWER ANS: C
Thiazide may lead to significant loss of potassium. The patient should take
the medication with a full glass of orange juice (unless not permitted by his
or her diet). Other potassium-rich foods include bananas.
A patient has an acute myocardial infarction. Her electrocardiogram is
normal except for a heart rate of 150 beats per minute. Her physician
prescribes digoxin in both an initial "digitalizing" dose and a daily
maintenance dose so that which will occur?
a. A specific level of medication will be reached in the blood.
b. Her heart rate will first speed up.
c. The drug will begin to weaken her heart's contraction.
, d. The drug will improve her appetite. - ANSWER ANS: A
The nurse should know about two different types of dosages for patients
taking digoxin: the initial digitalizing dose and maintenance doses. More
frequent and higher digitalizing doses are given when a patient begins taking
digoxin so that a specific level of medication can be reached in the blood.
Smaller maintenance doses are given once a day to maintain the blood level.
A patient has acute angina upon exercise. The physician starts this patient on
a long-acting nitrate. This medication is used for acute angina for which
reasons?
a. It reduces blood going to vessels, reducing pain.
b. It opens vessels, increasing blood supply to the heart during exercise.
c. It controls returning blood going to the heart.
d. It thins returning blood going to the heart. - ANSWER ANS: B
Long-acting nitrates are used to prevent or treat angina attacks when they
are likely to occur with exercise
A 70-year-old female patient has kidney disease and increasing bilateral
edema in her legs and feet. Her health care provider has placed her on a
potassium-sparing diuretic. Based on this patient's history, which represents
the diuretic action the patient needs from her medication?
a. The medication should increase reabsorption of sodium and potassium.
b. The medication should decrease sodium transport and increase potassium
Complete Solution
A nurse is visiting an 80-year-old female patient in her home. She is receiving
0.15 mg of oral digoxin daily. She also takes hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg twice
a day. She complains of blurred vision and nausea. The nurse observes that
she is confused and disoriented at times. Which is most likely to be the
problem?
a. The patient needs to have her hydrochlorothiazide increased.
b. The patient may have digitalis toxicity.
c. The patient may have developed chronic heart failure.
d. The patient may have Alzheimer disease. - ANSWER ANS: B
Cardiotonics are very powerful and can act as poisons on the heart. When a
patient begins to show toxic or harmful reactions from too much medication,
the term digitalis toxicity is used.
The physician has started a patient on propranolol (Inderal LA), a beta
blocker. The nurse knows this drug is used in the treatment of migraine
headaches and which other conditions?
a. Angina
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Bradycardia
,d. Bronchospasm - ANSWER ANS: A
Propranolol (Inderal LA) is a class II beta blocker used in the treatment of
migraines and angina.
The physician tells the nurse that a patient is hypokalemic. He has been
taking a thiazide medication for treatment of his high blood pressure. Which
should the nurse instruct him to increase his dietary intake of?
a. Green leafy vegetables
b. Sodium
c. Bananas and citrus fruits
d. Low-fat products - ANSWER ANS: C
Thiazide may lead to significant loss of potassium. The patient should take
the medication with a full glass of orange juice (unless not permitted by his
or her diet). Other potassium-rich foods include bananas.
A patient has an acute myocardial infarction. Her electrocardiogram is
normal except for a heart rate of 150 beats per minute. Her physician
prescribes digoxin in both an initial "digitalizing" dose and a daily
maintenance dose so that which will occur?
a. A specific level of medication will be reached in the blood.
b. Her heart rate will first speed up.
c. The drug will begin to weaken her heart's contraction.
, d. The drug will improve her appetite. - ANSWER ANS: A
The nurse should know about two different types of dosages for patients
taking digoxin: the initial digitalizing dose and maintenance doses. More
frequent and higher digitalizing doses are given when a patient begins taking
digoxin so that a specific level of medication can be reached in the blood.
Smaller maintenance doses are given once a day to maintain the blood level.
A patient has acute angina upon exercise. The physician starts this patient on
a long-acting nitrate. This medication is used for acute angina for which
reasons?
a. It reduces blood going to vessels, reducing pain.
b. It opens vessels, increasing blood supply to the heart during exercise.
c. It controls returning blood going to the heart.
d. It thins returning blood going to the heart. - ANSWER ANS: B
Long-acting nitrates are used to prevent or treat angina attacks when they
are likely to occur with exercise
A 70-year-old female patient has kidney disease and increasing bilateral
edema in her legs and feet. Her health care provider has placed her on a
potassium-sparing diuretic. Based on this patient's history, which represents
the diuretic action the patient needs from her medication?
a. The medication should increase reabsorption of sodium and potassium.
b. The medication should decrease sodium transport and increase potassium
