Janeway's Immunobiology Ch 9-11 updated version 2024/2025 with (Q & A)

Janeway's Immunobiology Ch 9-11 updated version 2024/2025 with (Q & A) Functions of IgM - CORRECT ANSWER highly effective at activating complement due to pentamer arrangement, increases avidity; moderate transport across epithelium and diffusion into extravascular sites; moderate neutralization due to lack of affinity maturation Functions of IgG - CORRECT ANSWER primary protector of tissues; highly effective neutralizer, opsonized, sensitizer of NK cells; highly effective at transport across placenta and extravascular sites Functions of IgA - CORRECT ANSWER primary protector of mucosal surfaces; effective neutralizer; highly effective transporter across epithelium and diffusion into extravascular sites Functions of IgE - CORRECT ANSWER causes mast cell degranulation; sensitizes mast cells transcytosis - CORRECT ANSWER how IgA gets across epithelium onto mucosal surfaces pIgR - CORRECT ANSWER polymeric immunoglobulin receptor; aids IgA in transport across epithelium in receptor mediated endocytosis neutralized by antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER toxins, bacteria, and viruses Circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER IgM & IgG Epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER IgE Mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER IgA Everywhere - CORRECT ANSWER IgG 2 things that discourage complement activation by binding of C1q to soluble Ab - CORRECT ANSWER 1) immunoglobulin binding to c1q has a higher total avidity when Ig is bound to a pathogen (ensures that complement is activated by pathogen bound Igs) 2) conformational change in IgM allows for C1q to bind when Ig is bound to a pathogen free antibodies vs. antigen-bound antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER free abs do not cross link Fc receptors; do not activate macrophage or destroy bacterium. Antigen bound abs cross link Fc receptors and activate macrophage, leading to phagocytosis cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER cause T-cells to differentiate/skew into different effector types T-reg cell skewing - CORRECT ANSWER In absence of infection, dendritic cells make mostly TGF-b & little IL-6; T-cells then activated to express FoxP3 and show regulatory phenotype; promotes tolerance Th17 cell skewing - CORRECT ANSWER infection causes dendritic cells to express IL-6, and naive CD4 T cells respond by expressing RORyT and becoming Th17 cells Th17 differentiation promoted by ______ - CORRECT ANSWERTGF-b (anti-inflammatory) & IL-6 (pro-inflammatory) & IL-23 Th1 differentiation promoted by _______ - CORRECT ANSWERIFN-g & IL-12 NKT cells - CORRECT ANSWER innate, and do not have a T-cell receptor; CD4/CD8 double neg; respond rapidly; secrete IL-4 required for clearing T. gondii - CORRECT ANSWERTh1 and CD8 T cells w/o MyD88 ______ is not produced - CORRECT ANSWERIL-12 and IFN-g MyD88 - CORRECT ANSWER critical adaptor protein for TLRs Th2 cells produce ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER IL-10 and IL-4 IL-10 and TGF-b inhibit Th1 cells; IL-4 & IFN-y inhibit Th17; IFN-y inhibits Th2 L.major - CORRECT ANSWER BALB/c mouse produces IL-4 and dies; C57BL/6 mice do not produce IL-4 and survive. Match Transcription factor with T-Cell 1) FoxP3 2) RORyT 3) T-bet - CORRECT ANSWER1) T-reg cells 2) Th17 cells 3) Th1 cells