• Wrong document? Swap it for free
  • Written by students who passed
  • Immediately available after payment
  • Read online or as PDF
  • 4.6 TrustPilot
0
Sell
Where do you study
Your language
Start selling Create your account
To add items to your wishlist, you must be logged in
Document preview thumbnail
Preview 2 out of 14 pages
Class notes

Nurs 324 Chapter 40 Notes

0.0
(0 reviews)
- sold
14 pages
2022/2023 Written for academic year
Institution Indiana State University
Course NURS 324
Document preview thumbnail
Preview 2 out of 14 pages

This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Chapter 40; Myocarditis, Rheumatic Fever, and Rheumatic Heart Disease. *Essential Study Material!!

Content preview

Chapter 40 Myocarditis, Rheumatic Fever, and Rheumatic Heart Disease




What is the etiology and pathophysiology of myocarditis?
Myocarditisisafocalordiffuseinflammationofthemyocardium.Itmaybeidiopathic,butother
causesinclude:

 Viruses:
o CoxsackieAandBvirusesarethemostcommon.
 Bacteria
 Fungi
 Radiationtherapy
 Pharmacologicandchemicalfactors
 Autoimmunedisorders(e.g.,polymyositis)

Whenthemyocardiumbecomesinfected,thecausativeagentinvadesthemyocytesandcauses
cellulardamageandnecrosis:

 Immuneresponseisactivated.
 CytokinesandO2freeradicalsarereleased.
 Autoimmuneresponseisactivatedastheinfectionprogresses.
 Resultsinfurtherdestructionofmyocytesandheartdysfunction.

What are the early manifestations and late signs of
myocarditis?
Thefeaturesofmyocarditisvaryfromabenigncoursewithoutovertsymptomstoprogressive
heartfailure(HF),dysrhythmias,orsuddencardiacdeath(SCD).

Earlymanifestationsoftheviralillnessare:

 Fever
 Fatigue
 Malaise
 Myalgias
 Pharyngitis
 Dyspnea
 Lymphadenopathy
 Nauseaandvomiting

Earlycardiacsignsappear7to10daysafterviralinfection.Pericarditisoftenaccompanies
myocarditis.Signsincludepleuriticchestpainwithapericardialfrictionrubandeffusion.

LatesignsrelatetothedevelopmentofHFandinclude:

, Chapter 40 Myocarditis, Rheumatic Fever, and Rheumatic Heart Disease



 S3heartsound
 Crackles
 Jugularvenousdistention(JVD)
 Syncope
 Peripheraledema
 Angina

What studies are performed to diagnose myocarditis, and
what is the treatment to manage symptoms?
Studiesthataredonetodiagnosemyocarditisinclude:

 ECG:
o Changesareoftennonspecificbutreflectpericardialinvolvement(e.g.,diffuseST
segmentchanges).
o Dysrhythmiasandconductionproblemsmaybepresent.
 Laboratorytesting:
o Findingsareofteninconclusive.
o Mayinclude:
 Mildtomoderateleukocytosisandatypicallymphocytes
 Highviraltiters
 Increasederythrocytesedimentationrate(ESR)andC-reactiveprotein
(CRP)levels
 Increasedlevelsofcardiacbiomarkers,suchastroponin
 Fluidsampling(tissueandpericardialfluid):
o Virusisgenerallypresentonlyduringthefirst8to10daysofillness.
 Endomyocardialbiopsy:
o Provideshistologicconfirmationofmyocarditis
o Mostdiagnosticduringthefirst6weeksofacuteillness,whenlymphocytic
infiltrationandmyocytedamagearepresent
 Nuclearscans,echocardiography,andMRI:
o Usedtoassessheartfunction

Treatmentconsistsofmanagingsymptomsusingmedication.

Angiotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE)  UsediftheheartisenlargedortotreatHF
inhibitorsandβ-adrenergicreceptor
blockers(β-blockers)
Diuretics  Reducefluidvolumeandpreload

Nitroprussideandmilrinone  Notusedifpatientishypotensive
 Reduceafterloadandimprovecardiacoutput
(CO)bydecreasingsystemicvascular

Document information

Uploaded on
October 26, 2024
Number of pages
14
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Prof. jennifer
Contains
All classes
Report Copyright Violation
$12.49
Wrong document? Swap it for free Within 14 days of purchase and before downloading, you can choose a different document. You can simply spend the amount again.
Written by students who passed
Immediately available after payment
Read online or as PDF
Seller avatar
Reputation scores are based on the amount of documents a seller has sold for a fee and the reviews they have received for those documents. There are three levels: Bronze, Silver and Gold. The better the reputation, the more your can rely on the quality of the sellers work.
anyiamgeorge19
3.4
(5)
Sold
63
Followers
16
Items
2115
Last sold
6 days ago

Browse related subjects

Subjects

Why students choose Stuvia

Created by fellow students, verified by reviews

Quality you can trust: written by students who passed their tests and reviewed by others who've used these notes.

Didn't get what you expected? Choose another document

No worries! You can instantly pick a different document that better fits what you're looking for.

Pay as you like, start learning right away

No subscription, no commitments. Pay the way you're used to via credit card and download your PDF document instantly.

Student with book image

“Bought, downloaded, and aced it. It really can be that simple.”

Alisha Student

Working on your references?

Create accurate citations in APA, MLA and Harvard with our free citation generator.

Learn more Create citation
Working on your references?

Frequently asked questions