Needs-Based Motivation Theories Exam
questions with 100% correct answers
Neoclassical theories of management - ANSWER-1. Includes:
- human relations approach
- behavioral management theory
2. Focuses on the human side of an organization
3. Shifts emphasis from production, structures, & technology to focus on social
interaction
4. Attempts to incorporate behavioral sciences into management thought in order to
solve the problems caused by classical theory practices
- concentrates on questions related to the best way to motivate and support employees
within an organization
- encourages managers to create supportive social systems and facilitate the personal
development of their workers.
The Human Relations Approach - ANSWER-Arose from several sociologists and social
psychologists who were concerned with how people relate and interact within a group
The Human Relations Approach
Elton Mayo & Fritz J. Roethlisberger --> Hawthorne Studies - ANSWER-- tried to assess
how working conditions (e.g., lighting levels, rest periods, length of work day) impacted
productivity at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works factory
- productivity levels increased, but not due to working conditions manipulated in
experiment
- increase in productivity attributed to the higher morale in participants due to:
1) workers' feeling special-
selected to participate, received more attention
, 2) workers' developing strong interpersonal relationships with co-workers & supervisor
3) pleasant & enjoyable work environment due to strong interpersonal relationships
Conclusions drawn from Human Relations Movement - ANSWER-1. illustrated the
importance of social and human relations needs of workers
2. changed view of employee motivation in the workplace
- managers now interested in workers' hands & hearts
- idea that managers can increase productivity by paying attention to employees was in
sharp contrast to the idea that money was the best way to motive employees at work
- fulfilling employees' social and human relations needs found to be much more
conducive to worker motivation & productivity than financial rewards
3. effective managers attend to employees' social needs & attitudes at work
4. Opened the door for Behavioral Management Theory
Behavioral Management Theory - ANSWER-1. Arose from various psychologists who
focused on the individual behavior of employees
2. Focuses on improving productivity by
- offering work that helps satisfy personal needs for belonging, achievement, & growth
(needs-based motivation)
- providing conditions that promote or inhibit desired or undesired performance,
respectively (behavior-based motivation)
Conclusions from Neoclassical Management Theory - ANSWER-1. Managers should
focus not only on job specialization & pay
(classical scientific management theory)
2. Managers can effectively increase employee motivation & productivity by
- attending to & valuing employees (human relations approach),
- providing work that helps satisfy lower- & higher-level human needs
questions with 100% correct answers
Neoclassical theories of management - ANSWER-1. Includes:
- human relations approach
- behavioral management theory
2. Focuses on the human side of an organization
3. Shifts emphasis from production, structures, & technology to focus on social
interaction
4. Attempts to incorporate behavioral sciences into management thought in order to
solve the problems caused by classical theory practices
- concentrates on questions related to the best way to motivate and support employees
within an organization
- encourages managers to create supportive social systems and facilitate the personal
development of their workers.
The Human Relations Approach - ANSWER-Arose from several sociologists and social
psychologists who were concerned with how people relate and interact within a group
The Human Relations Approach
Elton Mayo & Fritz J. Roethlisberger --> Hawthorne Studies - ANSWER-- tried to assess
how working conditions (e.g., lighting levels, rest periods, length of work day) impacted
productivity at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works factory
- productivity levels increased, but not due to working conditions manipulated in
experiment
- increase in productivity attributed to the higher morale in participants due to:
1) workers' feeling special-
selected to participate, received more attention
, 2) workers' developing strong interpersonal relationships with co-workers & supervisor
3) pleasant & enjoyable work environment due to strong interpersonal relationships
Conclusions drawn from Human Relations Movement - ANSWER-1. illustrated the
importance of social and human relations needs of workers
2. changed view of employee motivation in the workplace
- managers now interested in workers' hands & hearts
- idea that managers can increase productivity by paying attention to employees was in
sharp contrast to the idea that money was the best way to motive employees at work
- fulfilling employees' social and human relations needs found to be much more
conducive to worker motivation & productivity than financial rewards
3. effective managers attend to employees' social needs & attitudes at work
4. Opened the door for Behavioral Management Theory
Behavioral Management Theory - ANSWER-1. Arose from various psychologists who
focused on the individual behavior of employees
2. Focuses on improving productivity by
- offering work that helps satisfy personal needs for belonging, achievement, & growth
(needs-based motivation)
- providing conditions that promote or inhibit desired or undesired performance,
respectively (behavior-based motivation)
Conclusions from Neoclassical Management Theory - ANSWER-1. Managers should
focus not only on job specialization & pay
(classical scientific management theory)
2. Managers can effectively increase employee motivation & productivity by
- attending to & valuing employees (human relations approach),
- providing work that helps satisfy lower- & higher-level human needs
