[LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 1
Unit Objectives:
• Describe homeostasis and homeostatic control mechanisms
• Describe the structural organization of the body
• Describe specific chemistry concepts of the body, cell structure and membrane transport
• Describe the structure and function of the integumentary system and body membranes
Relevant Unit 1 Topics in Textbook:
Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 3 Cells
Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism
Chapter 5 Tissues
Chapter 6 Integumentary System
Guide Notes Review Questions: Lecture 2
Chemistry of the Body
1. What is an ion?
Charged particles that may either be atoms or molecules
2. List the 3 most common atoms making up the human body.
Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen
3. Define osmolarity:
Concentration of a solution within a liter of solution usually water
a. If you become dehydrated or overhydrated, how does this impact plasma osmolarity?
When dehydrated, osmolarity goes UP or DOWN- up
When overhydrated, osmolarity goes UP or DOWN- down
1
, [LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 1
4. The fluid environment differs inside vs outside our cells…notice the differences in K+ vs Na+.
a. Which ion (K+ or Na+) is in higher concentration inside vs outside our cells?
Inside cell: K+ is higher concentration inside
Outside cell: Na+ high concentration outside
b. If you needed a fluid replacement, what solution would be most appropriate? (what
solution most closely mimics our plasma?) 9.0 saline
5. Define pH: a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is
Distinguish between an acid vs base….what side of the pH scale would they be on, and what does the
hydrogen ion concetration look like in each (high or low)?
Acid: on the lower side H+ increases
Base: on the higher side
6. Describe the general functions of our four main groups of organic molecules in the body:
• Carbohydrates – primary energy source
• Lipids – concentrated energy storage, insulation, protections of organs and tissues
• Proteins – the cells machinery
• Nucleic acids – helps build protien, information storage and transfers of genetic information
a. What monomers are these macromolecules comprised of (i.e. what do we string together to
make each of these large molecules?). Also be able to visually identify an example of each
macromolecule.
• Carbohydrates – many glucose molecules stuck together
• Lipids – 3 fatty acids plus glycerol
• Proteins – amino acids
2
Unit Objectives:
• Describe homeostasis and homeostatic control mechanisms
• Describe the structural organization of the body
• Describe specific chemistry concepts of the body, cell structure and membrane transport
• Describe the structure and function of the integumentary system and body membranes
Relevant Unit 1 Topics in Textbook:
Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 3 Cells
Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism
Chapter 5 Tissues
Chapter 6 Integumentary System
Guide Notes Review Questions: Lecture 2
Chemistry of the Body
1. What is an ion?
Charged particles that may either be atoms or molecules
2. List the 3 most common atoms making up the human body.
Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen
3. Define osmolarity:
Concentration of a solution within a liter of solution usually water
a. If you become dehydrated or overhydrated, how does this impact plasma osmolarity?
When dehydrated, osmolarity goes UP or DOWN- up
When overhydrated, osmolarity goes UP or DOWN- down
1
, [LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 1
4. The fluid environment differs inside vs outside our cells…notice the differences in K+ vs Na+.
a. Which ion (K+ or Na+) is in higher concentration inside vs outside our cells?
Inside cell: K+ is higher concentration inside
Outside cell: Na+ high concentration outside
b. If you needed a fluid replacement, what solution would be most appropriate? (what
solution most closely mimics our plasma?) 9.0 saline
5. Define pH: a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is
Distinguish between an acid vs base….what side of the pH scale would they be on, and what does the
hydrogen ion concetration look like in each (high or low)?
Acid: on the lower side H+ increases
Base: on the higher side
6. Describe the general functions of our four main groups of organic molecules in the body:
• Carbohydrates – primary energy source
• Lipids – concentrated energy storage, insulation, protections of organs and tissues
• Proteins – the cells machinery
• Nucleic acids – helps build protien, information storage and transfers of genetic information
a. What monomers are these macromolecules comprised of (i.e. what do we string together to
make each of these large molecules?). Also be able to visually identify an example of each
macromolecule.
• Carbohydrates – many glucose molecules stuck together
• Lipids – 3 fatty acids plus glycerol
• Proteins – amino acids
2
