PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED
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Skill: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy:
I I II II II II II
Application) 1
Copyright (c) 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
II II II II II
,
, Chapter II1 I I Introduction IIto IIPhysiology
Neurons need a constant supply of ___ and ___
oxygen, glucose
What percentage of blood pumped by the heart does the brain receive?
15%
True or False: Oxygen passes freely across the BBB
True
Membrane transporters move glucose from the ___ into the ___
plasma, brain interstitial fluid
The Brain is responsible for about ___ of body's glucose consumption
half
How many ventricles are in the brain?
4
Each ventricle contains a ___ that is filled with ___.
choroid plexus, CSF
What are ventricles responsible for (in regards to CSF)?
The production, transport and removal of CSF
What region of the brain lacks the BBB?
The circumventricular organs
What is an example of a circumventricular organ?
organum vasculum laminae terminalis (OVLT)
All neurons participate in synaptically interconnected networks called ___
circuits
What are the 2 types of neuronal circuits?
1. primary sensory (ex: retina)
2. motor (ex: the ventral horns of the spinal cord)
What is an example of a neuronal circuit that combines primary sensory and motor features?
Knee jerk reflex
Where are local circuits located?
Within the local brain region
What do local circuits consist of?
1. Afferent neuron
2. Efferent neuron
3. Interneurons
The ___ is a cylindrical structure of nervous tissue composed of white and gray matter
spinal cord
What are the 4 regions of the spinal cord?
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
Skill: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy:
I I II II II II II
Application) 3
Copyright (c) 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
II II II II II
, 3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
What are the roots of spinal nerve branches?
1. Dorsal root
2. Ventral root
The ___ neuron carries sensory information
dorsal root
Dorsal root ganglia contain ___ nuclei
afferent (sensory)
Afferent neurons connect with ___ in the dorsal horns
interneurons
___ carry motor information from the CNS to muscles and glands
Ventral roots
Dorsal horns contain ___ nuclei
visceral and somatic sensory
Lateral horns contain ___ nuclei
visceral motor
The CNS contains
neurons that link together to form circuits with specific functions
___ is the restructure of the brain networks in response to sensory input and experience
Plasticity
Affective behaviors are related to
feeling and emotion
Cognitive behaviors are related to
thinking
Unicellular organisms do not have ____, but use ___ to coordinate activity
integrating centers, resting membrane potentials
Cnidaria possess a nervous system termed a
nerve net
Flatworms exhibit ___ brains and nerve cords
primitive
Annelids have ___ brains and ganglia along nerve cords
simple
___ can be integrated at the ganglia without the brain
Simple reflexes
Complex brains are associated with ___
complex behaviors
In vertebrate evolution, the most dramatic change is seen in the ___, which includes the __
forebrain region, cerebrum
Living things must be able to ___ and respond to changes in their environment
sense, respond
The CNS develops from a
hollow tube