NURS 221
Fundamentals in Nursing
COMPREHENSIVE FINALS
EXAM
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A patient is admitted with acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following interventions
should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Administer bronchodilators
- B. Initiate prone positioning therapy
- C. Provide high-flow oxygen therapy
- D. Administer diuretics
Answer: B. Initiate prone positioning therapy
Rationale: Prone positioning can improve oxygenation
and is a prioritized intervention in the management of ARDS
to enhance lung recruitment.
2. A patient with chronic heart failure presents with
shortness of breath. Which assessment finding should the
nurse report immediately?
- A. Peripheral edema
- B. Bilateral lung crackles
- C. Elevated jugular venous pressure
- D. Sudden weight gain of 2 kg in 24 hours
Answer: D. Sudden weight gain of 2 kg in 24 hours
Rationale: This is indicative of acute fluid retention and
worsening heart failure, requiring immediate attention and
intervention.
3. An elderly patient is at risk of developing pressure ulcers.
Which factor primarily contributes to this risk?
- A. Adequate mobility
- B. Balanced nutrition intake
©2024/2025
, - C. Decreased sensory perception
- D. Hydrated skin
Answer: C. Decreased sensory perception
Rationale: Reduced ability to perceive pressure
increases the risk of unrelieved pressure on bony
prominences, leading to ulcer formation.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. When initiating blood transfusion therapy, the nurse must
remain with the patient for the first ______ minutes to
monitor for adverse reactions.
Answer: 15
Rationale: Most acute transfusion reactions occur
within the first 15 minutes, requiring the nurse's presence
for prompt detection and intervention.
5. The normal range for adult fasting blood glucose levels is
typically between ______ mg/dL and ______ mg/dL.
Answer: 70; 100
Rationale: This range reflects normal fasting glucose
levels used to determine normoglycemic status in adults.
### True/False Questions
6. The use of a restraint on a patient does not require a
physician's order if it is deemed necessary for the patient's
safety.
Answer: False
Rationale: Restraints always require a physician's order
©2024/2025
Fundamentals in Nursing
COMPREHENSIVE FINALS
EXAM
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A patient is admitted with acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following interventions
should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Administer bronchodilators
- B. Initiate prone positioning therapy
- C. Provide high-flow oxygen therapy
- D. Administer diuretics
Answer: B. Initiate prone positioning therapy
Rationale: Prone positioning can improve oxygenation
and is a prioritized intervention in the management of ARDS
to enhance lung recruitment.
2. A patient with chronic heart failure presents with
shortness of breath. Which assessment finding should the
nurse report immediately?
- A. Peripheral edema
- B. Bilateral lung crackles
- C. Elevated jugular venous pressure
- D. Sudden weight gain of 2 kg in 24 hours
Answer: D. Sudden weight gain of 2 kg in 24 hours
Rationale: This is indicative of acute fluid retention and
worsening heart failure, requiring immediate attention and
intervention.
3. An elderly patient is at risk of developing pressure ulcers.
Which factor primarily contributes to this risk?
- A. Adequate mobility
- B. Balanced nutrition intake
©2024/2025
, - C. Decreased sensory perception
- D. Hydrated skin
Answer: C. Decreased sensory perception
Rationale: Reduced ability to perceive pressure
increases the risk of unrelieved pressure on bony
prominences, leading to ulcer formation.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. When initiating blood transfusion therapy, the nurse must
remain with the patient for the first ______ minutes to
monitor for adverse reactions.
Answer: 15
Rationale: Most acute transfusion reactions occur
within the first 15 minutes, requiring the nurse's presence
for prompt detection and intervention.
5. The normal range for adult fasting blood glucose levels is
typically between ______ mg/dL and ______ mg/dL.
Answer: 70; 100
Rationale: This range reflects normal fasting glucose
levels used to determine normoglycemic status in adults.
### True/False Questions
6. The use of a restraint on a patient does not require a
physician's order if it is deemed necessary for the patient's
safety.
Answer: False
Rationale: Restraints always require a physician's order
©2024/2025
