D027 NURS 5204
Advanced Pathopharmacological
Foundations
COMPREHENSIVE OA GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications is
considered a first-line treatment for heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
a) Amlodipine
b) Furosemide
c) Lisinopril
d) Metoprolol
Answer: c) Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which is
recommended as a first-line treatment for HFrEF due to its
ability to reduce mortality and morbidity.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the drug of choice for the
management of an acute ischemic stroke.
Answer: Alteplase
Rationale: Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator that
is used to dissolve the clot in an acute ischemic stroke,
improving blood flow to the affected area.
3. True/False: Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients
with asthma.
Answer: True
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction
and may exacerbate asthma symptoms.
4. Multiple Response: Select all the antihypertensive
medications that are calcium channel blockers:
a) Diltiazem
b) Lisinopril
©2024/2025
, c) Amlodipine
d) Losartan
Answers: a) Diltiazem, c) Amlodipine
Rationale: Both diltiazem and amlodipine are calcium
channel blockers, which relax and widen blood vessels by
affecting the muscle cells in the arterial walls.
5. Multiple Choice: Which anticoagulant requires regular
blood testing to monitor therapeutic levels?
a) Apixaban
b) Warfarin
c) Rivaroxaban
d) Dabigatran
Answer: b) Warfarin
Rationale: Warfarin therapy requires regular INR
monitoring to ensure therapeutic levels are maintained and
to adjust dosing.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The therapeutic effect of __________ is
measured by the prothrombin time (PT) and international
normalized ratio (INR).
Answer: Warfarin
Rationale: PT and INR are used to assess the
anticoagulant effect of warfarin and guide dosage
adjustments.
7. True/False: Thiazolidinediones can be used as
monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.
Answer: True
Rationale: Thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone, can
be used alone or in combination with other medications to
manage type 2 diabetes.
©2024/2025
Advanced Pathopharmacological
Foundations
COMPREHENSIVE OA GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications is
considered a first-line treatment for heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
a) Amlodipine
b) Furosemide
c) Lisinopril
d) Metoprolol
Answer: c) Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which is
recommended as a first-line treatment for HFrEF due to its
ability to reduce mortality and morbidity.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the drug of choice for the
management of an acute ischemic stroke.
Answer: Alteplase
Rationale: Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator that
is used to dissolve the clot in an acute ischemic stroke,
improving blood flow to the affected area.
3. True/False: Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients
with asthma.
Answer: True
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction
and may exacerbate asthma symptoms.
4. Multiple Response: Select all the antihypertensive
medications that are calcium channel blockers:
a) Diltiazem
b) Lisinopril
©2024/2025
, c) Amlodipine
d) Losartan
Answers: a) Diltiazem, c) Amlodipine
Rationale: Both diltiazem and amlodipine are calcium
channel blockers, which relax and widen blood vessels by
affecting the muscle cells in the arterial walls.
5. Multiple Choice: Which anticoagulant requires regular
blood testing to monitor therapeutic levels?
a) Apixaban
b) Warfarin
c) Rivaroxaban
d) Dabigatran
Answer: b) Warfarin
Rationale: Warfarin therapy requires regular INR
monitoring to ensure therapeutic levels are maintained and
to adjust dosing.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The therapeutic effect of __________ is
measured by the prothrombin time (PT) and international
normalized ratio (INR).
Answer: Warfarin
Rationale: PT and INR are used to assess the
anticoagulant effect of warfarin and guide dosage
adjustments.
7. True/False: Thiazolidinediones can be used as
monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.
Answer: True
Rationale: Thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone, can
be used alone or in combination with other medications to
manage type 2 diabetes.
©2024/2025
