Test Bank - Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for Clinical Practice, 1st Edition (Tkacs, 2021), Chapter 1-17 | All Chapters

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Tkacs




Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs
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Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF
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CLINICALPRACTICE
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1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.

B) fatigue.
C) redness.

D) granuloma.


2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
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momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes
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localized:
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A) bleeding.

B) congestion.
C) pale skin.hh




D) coolness.


3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement
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of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early
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in great numbers?
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A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes

C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

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4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the
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initial step in the process?
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A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing hh




C) Antigen margination hh




D) Recognition and adherence hh hh




5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased
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capillary permeability and pain?
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A) Serotonin

B) Histamine

C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide hh




6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of
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the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous

C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the
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onset of inflammation and includes:
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A) fever and lethargy.
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B) decreased C-reactive protein. hh hh




C) positive nitrogen balance. hh hh




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized
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by which of the following phenomena?
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A) Profuse fibrinous exudation hh hh




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis hh hh hh




D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages hh hh hh




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the
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blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
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A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
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B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
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C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
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10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while
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attempted
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. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute
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inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the
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following events will occur during the vascular stage of the patients
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inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
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B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium hh hh hh hh hh




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris hh hh hh




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? hh hh




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory
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infection
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D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
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.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) hh

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B) 38.0C (100.4F) hh




C) 35.5C (95.9F) hh




D) 37.3C (99.1F) hh




13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
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. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is
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likely to be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to
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reduce heat loss?
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A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shuntshh hh hh hh




B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air hh hh hh hh




C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles hh hh hh




D) Decreased urine production hh hh




14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
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. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket
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while she sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms
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of heat loss is most likely the primary cause of her request?
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A) Evaporation and conduction hh hh




B) Radiation and convection hh hh




C) Conduction and convection hh hh




D) Convection and evaporation hh hh




15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
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. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
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A) Acute inflammation hh




B) Obesity

C) Myocardial infarction hh




D) Malignancy

E) Renal failure hh




16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
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. developing a neurogenic fever? hh hh hh