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1. Acquired immunity - ANSWER immunity that develops during your lifetime
2. Active immunity - ANSWER develops in response to an infection or
vaccination
3. Passive immunity - ANSWER develops after you receive antibodies from
someone or somewhere else
4. Best description of herd immunity? - ANSWER resistance within a
population to a certain infection
5. New vaccines for influenza must be developed every year because - ANSWER
new strains of the virus evolve that are not affected by existing vaccines
6. Compared with the situation in 1900, the prevalence of deaths due to
infectious diseases in the USA is - ANSWER much less
, 7. The most important reason for reduced mortality during the initial stage of a
demographic/epidemiologic transition in a population is - ANSWER improved
sanitation
8. Which of the following is true about newborn screening programs? - ANSWER
most of the genetic conditions screened for follow an autosomal recessive
pattern of inheritance
9. Teratogens - ANSWER are agents that induce structural abnormality,
growth deficiency or functional alteration during prenatal development. most
effect the embryo during organogenesis, a critical stage of early development
when tissues and organs are formed
10. Examples of teratogens - ANSWER ionizing radiation (gamma),
chemicals(alcohol, dioxin), pathogens (rubella)
11. Which of the following is currently the most common cause of unintentional
death for adults in the US? - ANSWER unintentional poisoning (drug abuse)
12. 6 criteria air pollutants - ANSWER 1. sulfur dioxide
2. nitrogen oxides
3. cabon monoxide
4. ozone
5. lead
6. particulate matter
,13. Which term is used to characterize the social conditions of unequal
distribution of environmental hazards? - ANSWER environmental justice
14. Ozone - ANSWER -found in the earth's stratosphere
- absorbs most of the suns ultraviolet radiation
-stratosphere contains high concentrations ozone (O3) compared to other parts of
the atmosphere
Ground level ozone - ANSWER -a principle component of smog
- result of the chemical reactions between VOCs and nitrogen
- harmful to human health
- responsible for aging lung tissue, reducing resistance to colds, and breathing
problems
What is the greatest driver of climate change? - ANSWER greenhouse gases
When the accumulation of rain flows over roadways and grasses, it washes
pollutants, into local bodies of water. how is the pollution classified? - ANSWER
non-point source pollution
An outbreak of pneumonia has occurred at a resort and it is determined that
legionella is the organism that is responsible. to find the source of the bacteria,
one of the highest priorities would be to check: - ANSWER resort water
supply and storage
legionella - ANSWER -first discovered in 1976
, -to prevent major outbreaks proper maintenance of water systems
steps in water treatment - ANSWER 1. coagulation and flocculation
2. sedimentation
3. filtration
4. disinfection
safe drinking water is vital to public health. which of the following should not be
in potable water? - ANSWER radionuclides
in low resources countries during an outbreak, what simple, low tech sanitation
measure can dramatically reduce the spread of enteric bacteria and viruses? -
ANSWER add chlorine to water storage containers
cryptosporidium can become a problem in municipal water supplies because it: -
ANSWER can survive the chlorine treatment process
danger zone for food safety - ANSWER 40-140 degrees
if a food contaminated with a virus, such as hep A, is left out for 4 hours in a
kitchen at a temp of 85 degrees, the virus count in the food - ANSWER does
not change
in some cases of food borne illness, hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by
which organism - ANSWER e. coli strain 0156:h7