Anatomy/Physiology Spring FINAL EXAM Study Guide
1. Myology: The scientific study of muscles is termed?
2. Skeletal - Striated/Voluntary: Which of the following muscle types/ descriptions
correctly match?
3. Eccentric: The isotonic exercise that increases the length of the muscle is a(n)
contraction?
4. Isometric exercise: Exercise involving muscle tension without mus cle shortening
and lengthening is called?
5. Decreasing the number of muscle fibers contracting.: Which of the following
is not a way that muscle tension is increased in our bodies?
6. Lactic acid: The substance that builds up in our muscles is a result of a naerobic
respiration (lack of oxygen) is?
7. Shape, location, and size.: Muscles are often times given a name bas ed on
their?
8. Adductor: Which of the following muscle types is responsible for moving a body
part (bone(s)) toward the midline?
, Anatomy/Physiology Spring FINAL EXAM Study Guide
9. Synergists: Muscles that help to steady a movement and make o ther muscles
move more efficiently are called?
10. Tetany: The term given to the condition when a muscle is experiencing relatively
"zero" relaxation (cramping) is?
11. Myosin: The thick horizontal lines of this diagram (the "Sliding Fila ment Model")
best represent the?
12. Sarcomere: The area labeled "1" (on the "Sliding Filament Mod el") is best
described as the?
13. Actin complex: The solid, thin, horizontal lines (on the "Sliding Filam ent Model")
best represent the?
14. Get shorter: Upon muscle contraction, what would happen to the length of "1"
(on the "Sliding Filament Model?")
15. Myofilaments: All of the horizontal lines (thick, thin, and dotted) ( on the "Sliding
Filament Model") collectively are called?
16. Flexor: The biceps brachii would best be described as a?
17. False.: True or False? Overall muscle growth is attained by increasing the
number of muscle fibers in a whole muscle?
, Anatomy/Physiology Spring FINAL EXAM Study Guide
18. Refractory period: The period of rest that is necessary for a muscle fiber to fully
contract is called the?
19. Triceps brachii: Which of the following muscles is best described as a n exten-
sor?
20. Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin: Thin myofilaments are composed of what?
21. 1. Number of fibers contracting
2. Frequency of stimulation
3. Length of the fibers
4. Structural composition of the muscle: What are the 4 factors (ways) involved
in muscle tension being adjusted?
22. Red - high with lots of myoglobin, capillaries, and mitochondria.
White - Low with fewer myoglobin, capillaries, and mitochondria.: What are the
three main differences between red and white muscle fibers?
23. 1. Slow oxidated - Type 1 - Red in color - Very fatigue resistant (Does not
wear out quickly.)
2. Fast oxidated - Type 2 A - Red in color - In the middle of being very
fatigueable, & severely/extremely fatigueable. (Wears out quickly)
3. Fast glycolitic - Type 2 B - White in color - Severely/Extremely fatigueable
(Wears out very quickly): What are the 3 main types of skeletal muscle fibers found
in human muscles? Please include the color each would likely be, as well as their
level of resistance to fatigue.
24. 1. Motion
2. Movement of substances within the body
3 Stabilizes body positions
4. Thermogenesis
5. Regulates organ volume: What are the 5 main functions of muscles?
25. 1. Attached Stage - The myosin is tightly locked with the actin.
2. Release Stage - The myosin head lets go of the actin, & ATP joins it instead,
causing the shape and function to change.
3. Cocked Stage - The ATP starts breaking down. (ATP -> ADP + P)
, Anatomy/Physiology Spring FINAL EXAM Study Guide
4. Force Generation Stage - The dissolving ATP pops off, and then releases/re-
turns to its normal state/stage.: According to the "sliding filament model" what 4
steps are involved in a muscle contraction? Give a brief description ofeach step.
(How do myosin and actin actually move to cause a muscle to shorten?)
26. Trapezius: What is Coach Cantrell's favorite muscle?
27. : Sternocleidomastoid
28. : Trapezius
29. : Deltoid
30. : Biceps Brachii
31. : Pectoralis Major
1. Myology: The scientific study of muscles is termed?
2. Skeletal - Striated/Voluntary: Which of the following muscle types/ descriptions
correctly match?
3. Eccentric: The isotonic exercise that increases the length of the muscle is a(n)
contraction?
4. Isometric exercise: Exercise involving muscle tension without mus cle shortening
and lengthening is called?
5. Decreasing the number of muscle fibers contracting.: Which of the following
is not a way that muscle tension is increased in our bodies?
6. Lactic acid: The substance that builds up in our muscles is a result of a naerobic
respiration (lack of oxygen) is?
7. Shape, location, and size.: Muscles are often times given a name bas ed on
their?
8. Adductor: Which of the following muscle types is responsible for moving a body
part (bone(s)) toward the midline?
, Anatomy/Physiology Spring FINAL EXAM Study Guide
9. Synergists: Muscles that help to steady a movement and make o ther muscles
move more efficiently are called?
10. Tetany: The term given to the condition when a muscle is experiencing relatively
"zero" relaxation (cramping) is?
11. Myosin: The thick horizontal lines of this diagram (the "Sliding Fila ment Model")
best represent the?
12. Sarcomere: The area labeled "1" (on the "Sliding Filament Mod el") is best
described as the?
13. Actin complex: The solid, thin, horizontal lines (on the "Sliding Filam ent Model")
best represent the?
14. Get shorter: Upon muscle contraction, what would happen to the length of "1"
(on the "Sliding Filament Model?")
15. Myofilaments: All of the horizontal lines (thick, thin, and dotted) ( on the "Sliding
Filament Model") collectively are called?
16. Flexor: The biceps brachii would best be described as a?
17. False.: True or False? Overall muscle growth is attained by increasing the
number of muscle fibers in a whole muscle?
, Anatomy/Physiology Spring FINAL EXAM Study Guide
18. Refractory period: The period of rest that is necessary for a muscle fiber to fully
contract is called the?
19. Triceps brachii: Which of the following muscles is best described as a n exten-
sor?
20. Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin: Thin myofilaments are composed of what?
21. 1. Number of fibers contracting
2. Frequency of stimulation
3. Length of the fibers
4. Structural composition of the muscle: What are the 4 factors (ways) involved
in muscle tension being adjusted?
22. Red - high with lots of myoglobin, capillaries, and mitochondria.
White - Low with fewer myoglobin, capillaries, and mitochondria.: What are the
three main differences between red and white muscle fibers?
23. 1. Slow oxidated - Type 1 - Red in color - Very fatigue resistant (Does not
wear out quickly.)
2. Fast oxidated - Type 2 A - Red in color - In the middle of being very
fatigueable, & severely/extremely fatigueable. (Wears out quickly)
3. Fast glycolitic - Type 2 B - White in color - Severely/Extremely fatigueable
(Wears out very quickly): What are the 3 main types of skeletal muscle fibers found
in human muscles? Please include the color each would likely be, as well as their
level of resistance to fatigue.
24. 1. Motion
2. Movement of substances within the body
3 Stabilizes body positions
4. Thermogenesis
5. Regulates organ volume: What are the 5 main functions of muscles?
25. 1. Attached Stage - The myosin is tightly locked with the actin.
2. Release Stage - The myosin head lets go of the actin, & ATP joins it instead,
causing the shape and function to change.
3. Cocked Stage - The ATP starts breaking down. (ATP -> ADP + P)
, Anatomy/Physiology Spring FINAL EXAM Study Guide
4. Force Generation Stage - The dissolving ATP pops off, and then releases/re-
turns to its normal state/stage.: According to the "sliding filament model" what 4
steps are involved in a muscle contraction? Give a brief description ofeach step.
(How do myosin and actin actually move to cause a muscle to shorten?)
26. Trapezius: What is Coach Cantrell's favorite muscle?
27. : Sternocleidomastoid
28. : Trapezius
29. : Deltoid
30. : Biceps Brachii
31. : Pectoralis Major
