Nur. 161 Final Exam Study Guide for 2024.
Nurses drug guide -
First pass effect - a phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried directly to the liver
after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver enzymes before they can
enter the general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in higher doses than drugs
given by other routes because of this early breakdown
Potassium sparing diuretics - amiloride (Midamor)
15-20 mg/d PO with monitoring of electrolytes
Adjunctive treatment of edema caused by HF, liver disease, or renal disease;
hypertension; hyperkalemia; and hyperaldosteronism
Special consideration: Not for use in children
spironolactone (Aldactone)
100-200 mg/d PO for edema; 100-400 mg/d PO for hyperaldosteronism; 50-100 mg/d PO
for hypertension
Pediatric: 3.3 mg/kg/d PO
Adjunctive treatment of edema caused by HF, liver disease, or renal disease;
hypertension; hyperkalemia; and hyperaldosteronism
Special consideration: Can be used in children with careful monitoring of electrolytes
triamterene (Dyrenium)
100 mg/d PO b.i.d.
Adjunctive treatment of edema caused by HF, liver disease, or renal disease;
hypertension; hyperkalemia; and hyperaldosteronism
Special consideration: Not for use in children
lab values -
Off label - uses of a drug that are not part of the stated therapeutic indications for which the
drug was approved by the FDA; off-label uses may lead to new indications for a drug
, Kg conversions -
Tetracycline - Antibiotic/anti-infective
Use: chlamydia, malaria, acne, rickettsia infections, gonorrhea (when penicillin is
contraindicated
Side effects: glossitis, dysphagia, GI upset, diarrhea, phototoxicity, superinfection,
hypersensitivity reactions, discoloration and inadequate calcification of teeth of fetus if
taken during pregnancy
Nursing considerations: culture and sensitivity test, highly nephrotoxic after expiration date
Client education: 1 hour before or 2-3 hours after meals, do not take with milk or antacids or
iron, wear sunscreen and protective clothing, topical applications may stain cloths, barrier
contraceptives, good oral hygiene
Acyclovir - Indications: Treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 infections;
treatment of severe genital HSV infections; treatment of HSV encephalitis; acute treatment
of shingles and chickenpox; ointment for the treatment of genital herpes infections; cream
for the treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis).
Actions: Inhibits viral DNA replication.
Pharmacokinetics:
Route Onset Peak Duration
Oral
Varies
1.5-2 h
Not known
IV
Immediate
1h
8h
Topical
Not generally absorbed systemically
T1/2: 2.5 to 5 hours; excreted unchanged in the urine.
Adverse Effects: Headache, vertigo, tremors, nausea, vomiting, rash.
Retrovir and pregnancy - prevention of maternal transmission of HIV
Nurses drug guide -
First pass effect - a phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried directly to the liver
after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver enzymes before they can
enter the general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in higher doses than drugs
given by other routes because of this early breakdown
Potassium sparing diuretics - amiloride (Midamor)
15-20 mg/d PO with monitoring of electrolytes
Adjunctive treatment of edema caused by HF, liver disease, or renal disease;
hypertension; hyperkalemia; and hyperaldosteronism
Special consideration: Not for use in children
spironolactone (Aldactone)
100-200 mg/d PO for edema; 100-400 mg/d PO for hyperaldosteronism; 50-100 mg/d PO
for hypertension
Pediatric: 3.3 mg/kg/d PO
Adjunctive treatment of edema caused by HF, liver disease, or renal disease;
hypertension; hyperkalemia; and hyperaldosteronism
Special consideration: Can be used in children with careful monitoring of electrolytes
triamterene (Dyrenium)
100 mg/d PO b.i.d.
Adjunctive treatment of edema caused by HF, liver disease, or renal disease;
hypertension; hyperkalemia; and hyperaldosteronism
Special consideration: Not for use in children
lab values -
Off label - uses of a drug that are not part of the stated therapeutic indications for which the
drug was approved by the FDA; off-label uses may lead to new indications for a drug
, Kg conversions -
Tetracycline - Antibiotic/anti-infective
Use: chlamydia, malaria, acne, rickettsia infections, gonorrhea (when penicillin is
contraindicated
Side effects: glossitis, dysphagia, GI upset, diarrhea, phototoxicity, superinfection,
hypersensitivity reactions, discoloration and inadequate calcification of teeth of fetus if
taken during pregnancy
Nursing considerations: culture and sensitivity test, highly nephrotoxic after expiration date
Client education: 1 hour before or 2-3 hours after meals, do not take with milk or antacids or
iron, wear sunscreen and protective clothing, topical applications may stain cloths, barrier
contraceptives, good oral hygiene
Acyclovir - Indications: Treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 infections;
treatment of severe genital HSV infections; treatment of HSV encephalitis; acute treatment
of shingles and chickenpox; ointment for the treatment of genital herpes infections; cream
for the treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis).
Actions: Inhibits viral DNA replication.
Pharmacokinetics:
Route Onset Peak Duration
Oral
Varies
1.5-2 h
Not known
IV
Immediate
1h
8h
Topical
Not generally absorbed systemically
T1/2: 2.5 to 5 hours; excreted unchanged in the urine.
Adverse Effects: Headache, vertigo, tremors, nausea, vomiting, rash.
Retrovir and pregnancy - prevention of maternal transmission of HIV
