NR 293 Final Review
NR 293 Final Review Exam Study
Questions and Answers 2024
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) -Correct Answer ✔beta-1 selective vasoactive adrenergic drug
miscellaneous HF drug
increases cardiac output via increase contractility (positive inotropy)
increases stroke volume (esp. HF patients)
Heparin MOA -Correct Answer ✔prevents new clots and enlargement of existing
binds to antithrombin III
inactivating several main clotting factors
-activated factor II (thrombin)
-activated factor X
-activated factor IX
Warfarin (Coumadin) MOA -Correct Answer ✔prevents clot formation
inhibits vit. K synthesis by bacteria in GI tract
inhibits clotting factors (in liver)
-II
-VII
-IX
-X
antidote for heparin -Correct Answer ✔protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin (coumadin) -Correct Answer ✔Vit K
lab values/monitoring for heparin -Correct Answer ✔aPTT (every 6 hrs. until therapeutic
effect seen)
lab values/monitoring for warfarin (coumadin) -Correct Answer ✔prothrombin
time/international normalized ration (PT/INR)
normal INR (w/o drug) = 1
INR w/ drug = 2-3.5
NR 293 Final Review
,NR 293 Final Review
Lower INR patients >65
Aspirin adverse effects -Correct Answer ✔drowsiness
dizziness
confusion
flushing
nausea
vomiting
GI bleeding
thrombocytopenia
agranulocytosis
leukopenia
neutropenia
hemolytic anemia
bleeding
Warfarin (Coumadin) Herbal interactions -Correct Answer ✔dong quai
garlic
gingko
**increased INR = increased bleeding risk
St. Johns wart
**decreased effectiveness
Antiplatelets herbal interactions -Correct Answer ✔garlic
ginko
kava
**increased risk bleeding
Niacin (vit B3) MOA -Correct Answer ✔increase activity of lipase = breaks down lipids
reduces metabolism/catabolism cholesterol & triglycerides
inhibit lipolysis (adipose tissue)
decrease esterification triglycerides
release histamines = increases gastric motility/acid secretion
stimulate fibrinolytic system break down fibrin clots
Niacin (vit B3) indications -Correct Answer ✔lower triglycerides
lower total serum cholesterol
NR 293 Final Review
, NR 293 Final Review
lower LDL levels
increase HDL levels
treat hyperlipidemia types:
-IIa
-IIb
-III
-IV
-V
Niacin (Vit. B3) - Adverse effects -Correct Answer ✔abdominal discomfort
cutaneous flushing
pruritus
blurred vision
glucose intolerance
hepatotoxicity
Niacin (Vit B3) effects on triglyceride levels -Correct Answer ✔begin 1-4 days after
therapy
max effects 3-5 weeks continuous therapy
Niacin (Vit B3) contraindications -Correct Answer ✔liver disease
peptic ulcer disease
active hemorrhagic process
lactating women
gout
Niacin (Vit B3) interactions -Correct Answer ✔HMG-CoA (statins) = increased likelihood
myopathy development
liver dysfunction observed in sustained-release form of -Correct Answer ✔niacin
extended-release forms niacin associated w/ -Correct Answer ✔less adverse effects
(hepatoxicity & flushing)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Adverse effects -Correct Answer ✔headache
dizziness
blurred vision
fatigue
insomnia
constipation
diarrhea
nausea
NR 293 Final Review
NR 293 Final Review Exam Study
Questions and Answers 2024
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) -Correct Answer ✔beta-1 selective vasoactive adrenergic drug
miscellaneous HF drug
increases cardiac output via increase contractility (positive inotropy)
increases stroke volume (esp. HF patients)
Heparin MOA -Correct Answer ✔prevents new clots and enlargement of existing
binds to antithrombin III
inactivating several main clotting factors
-activated factor II (thrombin)
-activated factor X
-activated factor IX
Warfarin (Coumadin) MOA -Correct Answer ✔prevents clot formation
inhibits vit. K synthesis by bacteria in GI tract
inhibits clotting factors (in liver)
-II
-VII
-IX
-X
antidote for heparin -Correct Answer ✔protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin (coumadin) -Correct Answer ✔Vit K
lab values/monitoring for heparin -Correct Answer ✔aPTT (every 6 hrs. until therapeutic
effect seen)
lab values/monitoring for warfarin (coumadin) -Correct Answer ✔prothrombin
time/international normalized ration (PT/INR)
normal INR (w/o drug) = 1
INR w/ drug = 2-3.5
NR 293 Final Review
,NR 293 Final Review
Lower INR patients >65
Aspirin adverse effects -Correct Answer ✔drowsiness
dizziness
confusion
flushing
nausea
vomiting
GI bleeding
thrombocytopenia
agranulocytosis
leukopenia
neutropenia
hemolytic anemia
bleeding
Warfarin (Coumadin) Herbal interactions -Correct Answer ✔dong quai
garlic
gingko
**increased INR = increased bleeding risk
St. Johns wart
**decreased effectiveness
Antiplatelets herbal interactions -Correct Answer ✔garlic
ginko
kava
**increased risk bleeding
Niacin (vit B3) MOA -Correct Answer ✔increase activity of lipase = breaks down lipids
reduces metabolism/catabolism cholesterol & triglycerides
inhibit lipolysis (adipose tissue)
decrease esterification triglycerides
release histamines = increases gastric motility/acid secretion
stimulate fibrinolytic system break down fibrin clots
Niacin (vit B3) indications -Correct Answer ✔lower triglycerides
lower total serum cholesterol
NR 293 Final Review
, NR 293 Final Review
lower LDL levels
increase HDL levels
treat hyperlipidemia types:
-IIa
-IIb
-III
-IV
-V
Niacin (Vit. B3) - Adverse effects -Correct Answer ✔abdominal discomfort
cutaneous flushing
pruritus
blurred vision
glucose intolerance
hepatotoxicity
Niacin (Vit B3) effects on triglyceride levels -Correct Answer ✔begin 1-4 days after
therapy
max effects 3-5 weeks continuous therapy
Niacin (Vit B3) contraindications -Correct Answer ✔liver disease
peptic ulcer disease
active hemorrhagic process
lactating women
gout
Niacin (Vit B3) interactions -Correct Answer ✔HMG-CoA (statins) = increased likelihood
myopathy development
liver dysfunction observed in sustained-release form of -Correct Answer ✔niacin
extended-release forms niacin associated w/ -Correct Answer ✔less adverse effects
(hepatoxicity & flushing)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Adverse effects -Correct Answer ✔headache
dizziness
blurred vision
fatigue
insomnia
constipation
diarrhea
nausea
NR 293 Final Review
