Which electrolyte controls the function of neuromuscular junctions?
A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Phosphate
D. Magnesium - (correct answer)D. Magnesium
Magnesium controls the function of neuromuscular junctions and is a cofactor for many
enzymes
The primary health care provider orders the nurse to administer potassium chloride to a
Pt with 10 episodes of vomiting in 2 days. Which complication does the nurse anticipate
from the potassium chloride?
A. Cancer
B. Seizures
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Cardiac dysrhythmia - (correct answer)D. Cardiac dysrhythmia
Potassium chloride is an intravenous solution that should be carefully administered to a
Pt with severe emesis because hyperkalemia may cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmias
A Pt. with vomiting and diarrhea reports lightheadedness while standing from a sitting
position. The Pts blood pressure is 90/58 mm Hg. Which intervention would best treat
this Pt?
A. Administering diuretics
B. Monitoring the Pts 24 hr fluid intake and urine output
,C. Limiting the Pts intake of fluids and foods rich in sodium
D. Administering 1000 mL of 0.9% normal saline solution with 10 mEq of potassium
chloride - (correct answer)D. Administering 1000 mL of 0.9% normal saline solution with
10 mEq of potassium chloride
A Pt with vomiting and diarrhea may experience lightheadedness due to fluid and
electrolyte imbalance. The blood pressure may also be altered while changing positions,
resulting in postural hypotension. Administering 1000 mL of NS with 10 mEq of
potassium chloride may accelerate the improvement of the Pts condition
The skin of a Pt taking intravenous fluids appears blanched, cool to the touch, and
edematous. Upon touch, the Pt reports pain. Which complication does this represent?
A. Phlebitis
B. Extravasation
C. Local infection
D. Circulatory overload - (correct answer)B. Extravasation
Extravasation and infiltration are manifested by painful and blanched skin that is cool to
the touch and edematous
A Pt who is undergoing intravenous therapy develops redness, inflammation, and
swelling at the catheter site. After further assessment, the nurse finds purulent drainage
from the injection site. Which nursing interventions are useful in this situation? Select all
that apply.
A. Elevating the extremity
B. Cleaning the skin with alcohol
C. Raising the head of the patient's bed
D. Applying a pressure dressing over the site
,E. Inserting a new intravenous line in another extremity - (correct answer)B. Cleaning
the skin with alcohol
E. Inserting a new intravenous line in another extremity
Redness, inflammation, swelling at the catheter site coupled with purulent indicate an
infection. Cleaning the skin with alcohol helps to maintain asepsis. Inserting a new
intravenous line in the other extremity helps to reduce the chance of infection
Which fluid electrolyte imbalance may develop in a Pt. who consumes spironolactone?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia - (correct answer)B. Hyperkalemia
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that may cause hyperkalemia
The nurse finds that a patient has sudden weight gain, confusion, and edema in the
dependent areas. Upon auscultation, the nurse finds crackles in the lungs. What
condition does the nurse suspect?
A. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) excess
B. Hypernatremia
C. Clinical dehydration
D. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit - (correct answer)A. Extracellular fluid volume
ECV excess
Which laboratory findings can be seen in a patient with clinical dehydration? Select all
that apply.
, A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 28 mg/dL
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.150
C. Serum sodium level of 160 mEq/L
D. Serum osmolality of 270 mOsm/kg
E. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 9 mg/dL - (correct answer)A. Blood urea nitrogen
(BUN) of 28 mg/dL
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.150
C. Serum sodium level of 160 mEq/L
An extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit and hypernatremia that occurs at the same
time is known as clinical dehydration. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 28 mg/dL
indicates hypernatremia, so this can be a laboratory finding in a patient with clinical
dehydration. A urine specific gravity above 1.030 indicates an ECV deficit. A serum
sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L indicates hypernatremia. Serum osmolality of 270
mOsm/kg is a laboratory finding of hyponatremia, which is not associated with clinical
dehydration. A BUN level of 9 mg/dL (or any level below 10) is a finding of ECV excess,
which is not associated with clinical dehydration.
Which physical findings can be seen in a patient with extracellular fluid volume (ECV)
deficit? Select all that apply.
A. Edema
B. Thready pulse
C. Crackles in lungs
D. Postural hypotension
E. Dry mucous membranes - (correct answer)B. Thready pulse
D. Postural hypotension
E. Dry mucous membranes
A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Phosphate
D. Magnesium - (correct answer)D. Magnesium
Magnesium controls the function of neuromuscular junctions and is a cofactor for many
enzymes
The primary health care provider orders the nurse to administer potassium chloride to a
Pt with 10 episodes of vomiting in 2 days. Which complication does the nurse anticipate
from the potassium chloride?
A. Cancer
B. Seizures
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Cardiac dysrhythmia - (correct answer)D. Cardiac dysrhythmia
Potassium chloride is an intravenous solution that should be carefully administered to a
Pt with severe emesis because hyperkalemia may cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmias
A Pt. with vomiting and diarrhea reports lightheadedness while standing from a sitting
position. The Pts blood pressure is 90/58 mm Hg. Which intervention would best treat
this Pt?
A. Administering diuretics
B. Monitoring the Pts 24 hr fluid intake and urine output
,C. Limiting the Pts intake of fluids and foods rich in sodium
D. Administering 1000 mL of 0.9% normal saline solution with 10 mEq of potassium
chloride - (correct answer)D. Administering 1000 mL of 0.9% normal saline solution with
10 mEq of potassium chloride
A Pt with vomiting and diarrhea may experience lightheadedness due to fluid and
electrolyte imbalance. The blood pressure may also be altered while changing positions,
resulting in postural hypotension. Administering 1000 mL of NS with 10 mEq of
potassium chloride may accelerate the improvement of the Pts condition
The skin of a Pt taking intravenous fluids appears blanched, cool to the touch, and
edematous. Upon touch, the Pt reports pain. Which complication does this represent?
A. Phlebitis
B. Extravasation
C. Local infection
D. Circulatory overload - (correct answer)B. Extravasation
Extravasation and infiltration are manifested by painful and blanched skin that is cool to
the touch and edematous
A Pt who is undergoing intravenous therapy develops redness, inflammation, and
swelling at the catheter site. After further assessment, the nurse finds purulent drainage
from the injection site. Which nursing interventions are useful in this situation? Select all
that apply.
A. Elevating the extremity
B. Cleaning the skin with alcohol
C. Raising the head of the patient's bed
D. Applying a pressure dressing over the site
,E. Inserting a new intravenous line in another extremity - (correct answer)B. Cleaning
the skin with alcohol
E. Inserting a new intravenous line in another extremity
Redness, inflammation, swelling at the catheter site coupled with purulent indicate an
infection. Cleaning the skin with alcohol helps to maintain asepsis. Inserting a new
intravenous line in the other extremity helps to reduce the chance of infection
Which fluid electrolyte imbalance may develop in a Pt. who consumes spironolactone?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia - (correct answer)B. Hyperkalemia
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that may cause hyperkalemia
The nurse finds that a patient has sudden weight gain, confusion, and edema in the
dependent areas. Upon auscultation, the nurse finds crackles in the lungs. What
condition does the nurse suspect?
A. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) excess
B. Hypernatremia
C. Clinical dehydration
D. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit - (correct answer)A. Extracellular fluid volume
ECV excess
Which laboratory findings can be seen in a patient with clinical dehydration? Select all
that apply.
, A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 28 mg/dL
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.150
C. Serum sodium level of 160 mEq/L
D. Serum osmolality of 270 mOsm/kg
E. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 9 mg/dL - (correct answer)A. Blood urea nitrogen
(BUN) of 28 mg/dL
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.150
C. Serum sodium level of 160 mEq/L
An extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit and hypernatremia that occurs at the same
time is known as clinical dehydration. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 28 mg/dL
indicates hypernatremia, so this can be a laboratory finding in a patient with clinical
dehydration. A urine specific gravity above 1.030 indicates an ECV deficit. A serum
sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L indicates hypernatremia. Serum osmolality of 270
mOsm/kg is a laboratory finding of hyponatremia, which is not associated with clinical
dehydration. A BUN level of 9 mg/dL (or any level below 10) is a finding of ECV excess,
which is not associated with clinical dehydration.
Which physical findings can be seen in a patient with extracellular fluid volume (ECV)
deficit? Select all that apply.
A. Edema
B. Thready pulse
C. Crackles in lungs
D. Postural hypotension
E. Dry mucous membranes - (correct answer)B. Thready pulse
D. Postural hypotension
E. Dry mucous membranes
