P $ E bedgetting.

Fecundity is
-the number of reproductive episodes of an organism.
- the amount of overall energy expended to reproduction over the life of an organism.
- the number of offspring produced by an organism per reproductive episode.
- the period in the life of an organism when it can produce offspring. - (correct
answer)The number of offspring produced by an organism per reproductive episode


Which life history type do mammals exhibit?
- slow
- delayed
- fast
- accelerated - (correct answer)Slow


Which does NOT have slow life history attributes?
- oak tree
- sea urchin
- elephant
- giant tortoise
- bald eagle - (correct answer)Sea urchin


Which does NOT have fast life history attributes?
- rabbit
- fruit fly
- grasses
- albatross
- shrimp - (correct answer)Albatross

,Grime proposed that combinations of life history traits in plants are mainly determined
by three factors. Which is NOT one of these factors?
- disturbance
- herbivory
- competition
- stress - (correct answer)Herbivory


Consider a species with a fast potential growth rate, reproduction at a relatively early
age, allocation of a small proportion of net production to seeds, and reliance on
vegetative spread. According to Grime's classification of life history traits, this species
fits the profile of a
- stress-tolerant species.
- facilitator.
- ruderal.
- competitor.
- fixed-trait strategist. - (correct answer)competitor


Consider a species with a slow potential growth rate, reproduction at a relatively late
age, allocation of a small proportion of net production to seeds, and reliance on
vegetative spread. According to Grime's classification of life history traits, this species
fits the profile of a:
- stress-tolerant species.
- facilitator.
- ruderal.
- competitor.
- fixed-trait strategist. - (correct answer)Stress- tolerant species


Explain why life history variables, such as number of offspring, size of offspring, and
degree of parental care, are often correlated. - (correct answer)Species cannot

, maximize all of these traits. For example, if many offspring are produced, they will
probably be smaller than if few are produced. Parental care is much more effective with
few offspring.


Explain the main life history trait that differentiates ruderals and stress-tolerant plants. -
(correct answer)The main difference is the proportion of energy devoted to
reproduction. Stress-tolerant plants live in growth-limiting environments, so they
increase their fitness by reducing the amount of energy used for seed production; seeds
are energetically costly and are likely to have low survival in a stressful habitat.
Ruderals are adapted to disturbance, meaning that mature plants cannot depend on
long-term survival. Because their fitness is maximized by ensuring future generations,
they allocate a high proportion of energy to reproduction.


Which plant life history type, fast or slow, would best describe a weed species that is a
good invader of new habitats? - (correct answer)The fast life history would foster the
development and spread of an opportunistic weed species that can rapidly populate a
new or disturbed habitat.


Which life history type, fast or slow, is more likely to describe an endangered animal
species? - (correct answer)Most endangered species probably have a slow life history
type. While parental care provides high juvenile survivorship, the few offspring produced
result in low recovery (or resilience) to population declines.


The principle of allocation states that life history traits are adapted to maximize
- fitness.
- frequency of reproduction.
- number of offspring in the population.
- ability of offspring to start populations in new habitats.
- fecundity. - (correct answer)Fitness


Which life history trait is most likely to be fixed for a species?
- timing of reproduction in the lifespan