NSG 530 EXAM 3
Role of digestive system
produce energy from food ingested, transfer energy-rich nutrients, water, and
electrolytes into the body's internal environment
gastrointestinal tract components
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
functions of the gastrointestinal system
movement, secretion, digestion, and absorption
alimentary canal
GI tract-digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
single hallow tube
Layers of the gastrointestinal tract
mucosa(outermost), submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia (innermost)
enteric (intramural) plexus
controls mobility, secretion, sensation and blood flow
functions of saliva
lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic
digestion
,phases of swallowing
oropharyngeal and esophageal
oropharyngeal swallowing
voluntary (striated) food formed into bolus and forced towards pharynx
esophageal swallowing
involuntary (smooth muscle) food bolus enters esophagus, peristalsis occurs to
move food down to lower esophageal sphincter
how many permanent teeth are there in adults
32
three pairs of salivary glands
parotid glands, sublingual glands, submandibular glands
Saliva has a pH of
about 7.4, used to neutralize bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay
mucin
sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract traps microorganisms-
provides lubrication
upper esophageal sphincter
,Keeps air from entering the esophagus during respiration
lower esophageal sphincter
Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and caustic injury to the esophagus
Functions of the stomach
stores food
secretes digestive juices
mixes food with the juices
propels partially digested food (chyme) into duodenum
Chyme
Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the
stomach.
functional areas of the stomach
the fundus (upper portion), body (middle portion), and antrum (lower portion).
cardiac orifice
opening between esophagus and stomach
pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
pylorus
distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
, The stomach has three layers of muscle
- longitudinal, circular, and oblique (most prominent)
rugae
the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
the stomach is impermeable to what?
water, but can absorb alcohol and aspirin as they are lipid soluble.
blood to stomach is supplied by _____?
celiac artery- abundant!
Three phases of gastric secretion
1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase
Motilin
increases peristalsis
Secretin
decreases peristalsis
Gastric mixing and emptying
Role of digestive system
produce energy from food ingested, transfer energy-rich nutrients, water, and
electrolytes into the body's internal environment
gastrointestinal tract components
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
functions of the gastrointestinal system
movement, secretion, digestion, and absorption
alimentary canal
GI tract-digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
single hallow tube
Layers of the gastrointestinal tract
mucosa(outermost), submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia (innermost)
enteric (intramural) plexus
controls mobility, secretion, sensation and blood flow
functions of saliva
lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic
digestion
,phases of swallowing
oropharyngeal and esophageal
oropharyngeal swallowing
voluntary (striated) food formed into bolus and forced towards pharynx
esophageal swallowing
involuntary (smooth muscle) food bolus enters esophagus, peristalsis occurs to
move food down to lower esophageal sphincter
how many permanent teeth are there in adults
32
three pairs of salivary glands
parotid glands, sublingual glands, submandibular glands
Saliva has a pH of
about 7.4, used to neutralize bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay
mucin
sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract traps microorganisms-
provides lubrication
upper esophageal sphincter
,Keeps air from entering the esophagus during respiration
lower esophageal sphincter
Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and caustic injury to the esophagus
Functions of the stomach
stores food
secretes digestive juices
mixes food with the juices
propels partially digested food (chyme) into duodenum
Chyme
Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the
stomach.
functional areas of the stomach
the fundus (upper portion), body (middle portion), and antrum (lower portion).
cardiac orifice
opening between esophagus and stomach
pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
pylorus
distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
, The stomach has three layers of muscle
- longitudinal, circular, and oblique (most prominent)
rugae
the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
the stomach is impermeable to what?
water, but can absorb alcohol and aspirin as they are lipid soluble.
blood to stomach is supplied by _____?
celiac artery- abundant!
Three phases of gastric secretion
1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase
Motilin
increases peristalsis
Secretin
decreases peristalsis
Gastric mixing and emptying
