RN Community Health Nursing Exam
Questions And Answers
Nightingale's environmental theory: - ANWER a. Emphasises the linkage between a
person's environment and their health.
b. Health is represented as being on a continuum.
c. Prevention orientated care.
Health Belief model - ANWER a. Intended to serve as a predictor or explainer of health
behaviour.
b. Assumptions preventive health behaviour is primarily done to avoid disease.
c. Change occurs at the individual level.
d. Explains the chance of engaging in an activity that will prevent the occurrence of
disease based upon the following: i. The perception of susceptibility, seriousness, and
threat of a disease. ii. Modifying factors (demographics, knowledge level). iii. Cues to
action from media campaigns, effects of a disease from family/friends, as well as advice
from health care professionals. iv. Perception of benefits - perception of barriers to
action. Community health nurses: - ANSWER a. Nurses who provide practice in the
community.
b. Nurses who may provide care directly to families and groups over a longer period and
who are able to establish long-term relationships with clients.
Community oriented nursing - ANSWER a. public health nursing:
b. not disease specific. Focuses on population and community as a whole
c. Focus of care: aggregates, communities, populations (public health) can include at
risk or unserved individuals and families.
d. Primary goal: health promotion and disease promotion.
e. Nursing activities: usually indirect (program management) can include direct care of
at-risk individuals and populations.
,Community based nursing - ANSWER a. Home health nurse
b. Focused on illness care
c. Focus of care: individuals and families.
d. Primary goal: management of acute or chronic conditions.
e. Nursing activities: direct (one on one): illness care: management of acute and chronic
conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend"
(schools, camps, prisons)
Application of ethical principles to community health nursing: - ANSWER a. Respect for
autonomy: individuals choose those actions that achieve their aims.
i. Situations: client's right to self-determination (decision not to have chemotherapy) is
respected.
ii. Nonmaleficence: no harm is done during the application of any standard of care.
1. Develop plans of care with a system to monitor and measure the outcomes.
iii. Beneficence: minimize possible harms and maximize possible benefits.
1. Cost, risks versus benefits while planning the interventions.
iv. Distributive justice: fair distribution of benefits and burden in the society are decided
according to the needs and contribution of its members.
1. Determining eligibility for health care services based on income and fiscal resources.
Acculturation - ANSWER 1. a process in which an individual adopts, acquires, and
adjusts to a new cultural environment.
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER belief your own culture is superior to all others. You view the
world from your own cultural view.
Cultural assessment parameters: - ANSWER a. Ethnic background
b. Religious preferences
c. Family structure
d. Language and literacy need.
, e. Communication values
f. Education
g. Cultural values
h. Food patterns
i. Health promotion and maintenance practices
j. Types of health practitioners used.
k. Medicines, remedies, treatments, and therapies used.
Using an interpreter - ANSWER a. The nurse should use an interpreter when it's hard for
a nurse or a client to understand the other's language.
b. Interpreters should have the knowledge of health-related terminology.
c. Family members are not good interpreters because the client may want to maintain
privacy regarding personal issues. In addition, family members cannot always be
objective when interpreting for or from the client, and the family member may have
difficulties understanding medical terminology.
d. The nurse must be culturally aware when selecting an interpreter's age and gender
because some clients may have a preference about these characteristics.
e. An interpreter should not be from the community where the client resides.
f. Socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, educational levels, and spoken dialect can
create translation barriers.
g. Federal government regulations require that each agency have a plan that will
improve access to federal health care programs for those clients who have limited
ability with the English language.
h. Subcultures conflict is possible.
Environmental hazards - ANSWER a. Toxins: lead, pesticides, mercury, solvents,
asbestos and radon
b. Air pollution: carbon monoxide, particulate matter ozone, lead, aerosols, nitrogen
dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and tobacco smoke.
c. Water pollution: wastes, erosion after mining or timbering, and run-off from chemicals
added to the soil.
d. Contamination: food and food products with bacteria, pesticides, radiation, and
medication
Questions And Answers
Nightingale's environmental theory: - ANWER a. Emphasises the linkage between a
person's environment and their health.
b. Health is represented as being on a continuum.
c. Prevention orientated care.
Health Belief model - ANWER a. Intended to serve as a predictor or explainer of health
behaviour.
b. Assumptions preventive health behaviour is primarily done to avoid disease.
c. Change occurs at the individual level.
d. Explains the chance of engaging in an activity that will prevent the occurrence of
disease based upon the following: i. The perception of susceptibility, seriousness, and
threat of a disease. ii. Modifying factors (demographics, knowledge level). iii. Cues to
action from media campaigns, effects of a disease from family/friends, as well as advice
from health care professionals. iv. Perception of benefits - perception of barriers to
action. Community health nurses: - ANSWER a. Nurses who provide practice in the
community.
b. Nurses who may provide care directly to families and groups over a longer period and
who are able to establish long-term relationships with clients.
Community oriented nursing - ANSWER a. public health nursing:
b. not disease specific. Focuses on population and community as a whole
c. Focus of care: aggregates, communities, populations (public health) can include at
risk or unserved individuals and families.
d. Primary goal: health promotion and disease promotion.
e. Nursing activities: usually indirect (program management) can include direct care of
at-risk individuals and populations.
,Community based nursing - ANSWER a. Home health nurse
b. Focused on illness care
c. Focus of care: individuals and families.
d. Primary goal: management of acute or chronic conditions.
e. Nursing activities: direct (one on one): illness care: management of acute and chronic
conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend"
(schools, camps, prisons)
Application of ethical principles to community health nursing: - ANSWER a. Respect for
autonomy: individuals choose those actions that achieve their aims.
i. Situations: client's right to self-determination (decision not to have chemotherapy) is
respected.
ii. Nonmaleficence: no harm is done during the application of any standard of care.
1. Develop plans of care with a system to monitor and measure the outcomes.
iii. Beneficence: minimize possible harms and maximize possible benefits.
1. Cost, risks versus benefits while planning the interventions.
iv. Distributive justice: fair distribution of benefits and burden in the society are decided
according to the needs and contribution of its members.
1. Determining eligibility for health care services based on income and fiscal resources.
Acculturation - ANSWER 1. a process in which an individual adopts, acquires, and
adjusts to a new cultural environment.
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER belief your own culture is superior to all others. You view the
world from your own cultural view.
Cultural assessment parameters: - ANSWER a. Ethnic background
b. Religious preferences
c. Family structure
d. Language and literacy need.
, e. Communication values
f. Education
g. Cultural values
h. Food patterns
i. Health promotion and maintenance practices
j. Types of health practitioners used.
k. Medicines, remedies, treatments, and therapies used.
Using an interpreter - ANSWER a. The nurse should use an interpreter when it's hard for
a nurse or a client to understand the other's language.
b. Interpreters should have the knowledge of health-related terminology.
c. Family members are not good interpreters because the client may want to maintain
privacy regarding personal issues. In addition, family members cannot always be
objective when interpreting for or from the client, and the family member may have
difficulties understanding medical terminology.
d. The nurse must be culturally aware when selecting an interpreter's age and gender
because some clients may have a preference about these characteristics.
e. An interpreter should not be from the community where the client resides.
f. Socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, educational levels, and spoken dialect can
create translation barriers.
g. Federal government regulations require that each agency have a plan that will
improve access to federal health care programs for those clients who have limited
ability with the English language.
h. Subcultures conflict is possible.
Environmental hazards - ANSWER a. Toxins: lead, pesticides, mercury, solvents,
asbestos and radon
b. Air pollution: carbon monoxide, particulate matter ozone, lead, aerosols, nitrogen
dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and tobacco smoke.
c. Water pollution: wastes, erosion after mining or timbering, and run-off from chemicals
added to the soil.
d. Contamination: food and food products with bacteria, pesticides, radiation, and
medication
