NUR 410 Exam 3 BURNS Questions And Answers 100% Verified.

NUR 410 Exam 3 BURNS Questions And Answers 100% Verified. 1. protection against infection 2. prevent loss of body fluids 3. control body temp 4. excretory organ 5. sensory organ 6. produces vit D 7. determines identity - correct answer. what are the 7 functions of the skin epidermis - correct answer. -thin outer layer -dead cells on surface from protective barrier -layer that is continuously sloughing off with new cells forming underneath dermis - correct answer. -connective tissue -highly vascular -nerves, sebaceous, & sweat glands subcutaneous tissue - correct answer. attaches skin to muscle and bone 4 years old and adults over 65 - correct answer. what age groups have the highest fatality rates for burns burns - correct answer. -injury to the skin/other tissues of the body caused by heat, chemicals, electrical current, or radiation -most are accidents and are preventable -types: thermal, chemical, smoke inhalation, electrical, radiation, and cold thermal (frostbite) thermal burns - correct answer. -caused by flame, flash, scald, or contact with hot objects -most common burn injury -severity of injury depends on temperature of burning agent and duration of contact time hydrochloric acid burn - correct answer. -chemical burn -from tile, toilet, or pool cleaners hydrofluoric acid burn - correct answer. -chemical burn -from metal cleaners, rust removers oxalic acid burn - correct answer. -chemical burn -from paint, varnish, or tarnish removers alkali burns - correct answer. -chemical burn -from cement, oven/drain/heavy metal cleaners -harder to manage due to protein hydrolysis-deeper penetration of skin, and melting phenols - correct answer. -chemical burn from an organic compound -includes disinfectant and petroleum products smoke inhalation injury - correct answer. -from breathing noxious chemicals or hot air causing damage to respiratory tract -major predictor in burn victim mortality -rapid initial/ongoing assessment is critical to watch for airway compromise and pulmonary edema -types: upper airway, lower airway, metabolic asphyxiation -can be from direct contact with a fire or no direct contact upper airway injury - correct answer. -injury from smoke inhalation -injury to most, oropharynx, and/or larynx -thermal burns -inhalation of hot air, steam, or smoke -mucosal burns of oropharynx and larynx manifested by redness, blistering, and edema -assess where they were at and how long they were exposed -have them open their mouth and take a look swelling with rapid onset - correct answer. what regarding an upper airway injury is an emergency? eschar and edema (fill in blank) - correct answer. -what two things may compromise breathing in an upper airway injury? -facial and neck burns can be lethal -internal pressure from ______ may narrow airway lower airway injury - correct answer. -injury to trachea, bronchioles, and alveoli -tissue damage related to duration of fume/smoke exposure -pulmonary edema may not appear until 12 to 48 hours after burn (may manifest as ARDS) -may look stable, but want to observe patient for couple of days lower airway - correct answer. indicators of a ________ _________ injury: -facial burns -singed nasal hair -hoarseness -painful swallowing -darkened oral and nasal membranes -carbonaceous sputum -being burned in enclosed space -clothing burns around neck and chest -wearing polyester or acrylic clothing which can melt and attach to skin metabolic asphyxiation - correct answer. -smoke inhalation injury -CO and hydrogen cyanide inhaled -impairs O2 delivery to tissues, resulting in hypoxia and elevated carboxyhemoglobin -can occur in absence of burn injury carboxyhemoglobin - correct answer. -hgb combined with carbon monoxide -death when levels are 20% -impairs O2 delivery to tissues -100% NRB 15 L/min to replace CO with O2 electrical burns - correct answer. -results from intense heat generated from an electric current -may result in direct damage to nerves and vessels, causing tissue anoxia and death -severity of injury depends on amount of voltage, tissue resistance, current pathways, surface area in contact with current, and length of time current flow was sustained -bones and fat have more resistance compared to nerves and blood vessels to electricity -most damage occurs below skin -can cause muscle spasms strong enough to fracture long bones and vertebrae -will see multiple exit and entrance wounds bc electricity always trying to get to ground dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, severe metabolic acidosis, and myoglobinuria - correct answer. what 4 things is a patient with electrical burns at risk for? myoglobinuria - correct answer. due to massive muscle and blood vessel damage, the pt can have myoglobin from muscles and hgb from damaged RBC travel to the kidneys which can lead to a cute tubular necrosis and AKI severity - correct answer. _________ of injury determinants -depth of burn -extent of burn (% of TBSA) -location of burn -age of patient, pre-burn medical history, and circumstances or complicating factors depth of burn - correct answer. -burns are defined by degrees (first, second, third, and fourth) -ABA classifies burns according to depth of skin destruction (partial thickness burn and full thickness burn) superficial partial thickness burn - correct answer. -involves epidermis -first degree -erythema, blanching on pressure, pain and mild swelling, no vesicles or blister initially, 24 hrs: may peel/blister -blanching when pressing on it -ex. sunburn