NURS8024 Pharm Exam 3 (antimicrobial part 1) Questions With Well Explained
Answers 2024/25
Gram-positive bacteria - Correct Answer Stain violet purple
Gram-negative bacteria - Correct Answer Stain pink
Aerobes - Correct Answer require oxygen, most common cause of infection
Common gram positive aerobes - Correct Answer MRSA(staphylococci), Streptococci,
Enterococcus, Vanc resistant enterococcus (VRE)
Common gram negative aerobes - Correct Answer Moraxella catarrhalos, gonorrhea,
jarmo Philips influenzae (HIB)
Space bugs - Correct Answer Hard to treat organisms
Serratia, pseeudomonas aeriginosa, acinetobacter helocobacter, citrobacter,
enterobacter
Anaerobes - Correct Answer Thrive without bacteria
Release exotoxins
Local microbiota enter sterile tissue
common anerobes - Correct Answer C-dif, fusobacterium, actinomyces (abdominal
infections), bacteroides fragilis
Atypical bacteria - Correct Answer Legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumonia,
chlamydia pneumoniae/trachomatis
Spirochetes - Correct Answer Treponema pallidum
Borrelia burgdorferi
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - Correct Answer Act on single or limited group of
microorganisms
Known pathogen
Ideal
Extended spectrum antibiotics - Correct Answer Efficacy against large numbers of
gram positive or gram negative organisms
Broad Spectrum (empiric therapy) - Correct Answer Effective against broad spectrum
Unknown pathogen, but possibly life threatening
Risk for superinfections
Superinfections - Correct Answer Use of broad spectrum agents can disrupt the
normal flora causing growth of opportunistic organisms (PCN causing vag yeast)
, Empiric regimen - Correct Answer Imitated before the offending organism identified
and sometimes prior to confirmation of infection
Definitive regimen - Correct Answer Initiated when causative organism is known
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) - Correct Answer Estimate of the drug
sensitivity of pathogens for comparison with anticipated levels in blood or tissues
Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) - Correct Answer AB effect that persists after drug
concentration falls below the MIC
Susceptibility testing - Correct Answer Laboratory methods to determine to the
sensitivity of the isolated pathogen to anti microbial drugs
Bacteriostatic antomicrobial - Correct Answer Inhibits growth and replication of
bacteria
Limits spread of infection
Enables immune system to attack pathogen
Bacterialcidal antimicrobial - Correct Answer Kills bacteria
Total number of viable organisms decreases
Concentration-dependent killing - Correct Answer Increased rate of killing with
increased concentration
Usually offers a daily dose to achieve efficacy
Aminoglycosides & quinolones
Time-dependent killing - Correct Answer bactericidal activity dependent on time serum
concentration
↑ MBC predicts efficacy
Needs more frequent dosing
β lactams, macrolides, vancomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors - Correct Answer Beta-lactams (PCN, cephalosporins,
vanc)
Protein synthesis inhibitors - Correct Answer tetracyclines, aminoglycosides,
macrolides
Inhibitors of nucleic acid function or synthesis - Correct Answer Fluoroquinolones
Answers 2024/25
Gram-positive bacteria - Correct Answer Stain violet purple
Gram-negative bacteria - Correct Answer Stain pink
Aerobes - Correct Answer require oxygen, most common cause of infection
Common gram positive aerobes - Correct Answer MRSA(staphylococci), Streptococci,
Enterococcus, Vanc resistant enterococcus (VRE)
Common gram negative aerobes - Correct Answer Moraxella catarrhalos, gonorrhea,
jarmo Philips influenzae (HIB)
Space bugs - Correct Answer Hard to treat organisms
Serratia, pseeudomonas aeriginosa, acinetobacter helocobacter, citrobacter,
enterobacter
Anaerobes - Correct Answer Thrive without bacteria
Release exotoxins
Local microbiota enter sterile tissue
common anerobes - Correct Answer C-dif, fusobacterium, actinomyces (abdominal
infections), bacteroides fragilis
Atypical bacteria - Correct Answer Legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumonia,
chlamydia pneumoniae/trachomatis
Spirochetes - Correct Answer Treponema pallidum
Borrelia burgdorferi
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - Correct Answer Act on single or limited group of
microorganisms
Known pathogen
Ideal
Extended spectrum antibiotics - Correct Answer Efficacy against large numbers of
gram positive or gram negative organisms
Broad Spectrum (empiric therapy) - Correct Answer Effective against broad spectrum
Unknown pathogen, but possibly life threatening
Risk for superinfections
Superinfections - Correct Answer Use of broad spectrum agents can disrupt the
normal flora causing growth of opportunistic organisms (PCN causing vag yeast)
, Empiric regimen - Correct Answer Imitated before the offending organism identified
and sometimes prior to confirmation of infection
Definitive regimen - Correct Answer Initiated when causative organism is known
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) - Correct Answer Estimate of the drug
sensitivity of pathogens for comparison with anticipated levels in blood or tissues
Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) - Correct Answer AB effect that persists after drug
concentration falls below the MIC
Susceptibility testing - Correct Answer Laboratory methods to determine to the
sensitivity of the isolated pathogen to anti microbial drugs
Bacteriostatic antomicrobial - Correct Answer Inhibits growth and replication of
bacteria
Limits spread of infection
Enables immune system to attack pathogen
Bacterialcidal antimicrobial - Correct Answer Kills bacteria
Total number of viable organisms decreases
Concentration-dependent killing - Correct Answer Increased rate of killing with
increased concentration
Usually offers a daily dose to achieve efficacy
Aminoglycosides & quinolones
Time-dependent killing - Correct Answer bactericidal activity dependent on time serum
concentration
↑ MBC predicts efficacy
Needs more frequent dosing
β lactams, macrolides, vancomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors - Correct Answer Beta-lactams (PCN, cephalosporins,
vanc)
Protein synthesis inhibitors - Correct Answer tetracyclines, aminoglycosides,
macrolides
Inhibitors of nucleic acid function or synthesis - Correct Answer Fluoroquinolones
