Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
reviewed test
Active Ventricular Filling - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Atria contract
- Ventricles finish filling
- End diastolic volume
Afferent Vessels - CORRECT ANSWERS-towards the heart; superior/inferior vena cava
(coming back from tissues) & Left and right pulmonary veins (coming back from lungs)
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Amount of tension (force) needed open the
semilunar valves
- Increase in afterload will increase ESV
- Decrease in afterload will decrease ESV
*This takes longer to build up; Valves open for less time
- Less ejected (increaes afterload) = increase ESV
- Decrease afterload = decrease ESV
Angeoplasty - CORRECT ANSWERS-balloon that squashes plaque
Aorta - CORRECT ANSWERS-large vessel that carries blood away from the heart
towards tissues
Aortic Semilunar Valve - CORRECT ANSWERS-valve between the aorta and the left
ventricle; valves close when blood tries to back flow into ventricles
Apex - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blunt point at the inferior end of the heart
Atherosclerotic Plaque - CORRECT ANSWERS-fatty buildup in vessel
, Atrioventricular Bundle - CORRECT ANSWERS-AKA Bundle of His; specialized
conducting cells in the interventricular septum that carry the contracting stimulus from
the AV node to bundle branches and then to Purkinje fibers
Atrioventricular Node - CORRECT ANSWERS-can trigger heart beat, but it is slow (40-
60 bpm)
Atrioventricular Valves Closed - CORRECT ANSWERS-chordae tendineae are taut,
papillary muscles are contracted, which keeps valves shut--forces the blood out of the
heart
Atrioventricular Valves Open - CORRECT ANSWERS-chordae tendineae are slack,
papillary muscles are relaxed, and allows blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
Base - CORRECT ANSWERS-flattened area at the superior end of the heart
Bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWERS-heart rate below 40 bpm
Bypass Surgery - CORRECT ANSWERS-use vessel grafts to bypass the blockage;
Vessels used: great & small saphenous veins (legs), radial artery, &/or gastroepiploic
artery
Cardiac Action Potential - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Rapid Depolarization
2. Early Repolarization
3. Plateau Phase
4. Final Repolarization
Cardiac Cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS-All events that occur during a single heart beat.
1. Period of isovolumetric contraction
2. Period of Ejection
3. Period of isovolumetric relaxation
4. Passive ventricular filling
5. Active ventricular filing
Cardiac Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWERS-present in blood; indicator of heart damage
following heart attack
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWERS-Volume of blood pumped per minute
CO = SV x Heart Rate
Average for Rest Ex:
SV = 60 mL & HR = 70 bpm
CO = 4200 mL/min (4.2 L)
Peak Activity Ex:
SV = 85 mL & HR = 100 bpm
reviewed test
Active Ventricular Filling - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Atria contract
- Ventricles finish filling
- End diastolic volume
Afferent Vessels - CORRECT ANSWERS-towards the heart; superior/inferior vena cava
(coming back from tissues) & Left and right pulmonary veins (coming back from lungs)
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Amount of tension (force) needed open the
semilunar valves
- Increase in afterload will increase ESV
- Decrease in afterload will decrease ESV
*This takes longer to build up; Valves open for less time
- Less ejected (increaes afterload) = increase ESV
- Decrease afterload = decrease ESV
Angeoplasty - CORRECT ANSWERS-balloon that squashes plaque
Aorta - CORRECT ANSWERS-large vessel that carries blood away from the heart
towards tissues
Aortic Semilunar Valve - CORRECT ANSWERS-valve between the aorta and the left
ventricle; valves close when blood tries to back flow into ventricles
Apex - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blunt point at the inferior end of the heart
Atherosclerotic Plaque - CORRECT ANSWERS-fatty buildup in vessel
, Atrioventricular Bundle - CORRECT ANSWERS-AKA Bundle of His; specialized
conducting cells in the interventricular septum that carry the contracting stimulus from
the AV node to bundle branches and then to Purkinje fibers
Atrioventricular Node - CORRECT ANSWERS-can trigger heart beat, but it is slow (40-
60 bpm)
Atrioventricular Valves Closed - CORRECT ANSWERS-chordae tendineae are taut,
papillary muscles are contracted, which keeps valves shut--forces the blood out of the
heart
Atrioventricular Valves Open - CORRECT ANSWERS-chordae tendineae are slack,
papillary muscles are relaxed, and allows blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
Base - CORRECT ANSWERS-flattened area at the superior end of the heart
Bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWERS-heart rate below 40 bpm
Bypass Surgery - CORRECT ANSWERS-use vessel grafts to bypass the blockage;
Vessels used: great & small saphenous veins (legs), radial artery, &/or gastroepiploic
artery
Cardiac Action Potential - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Rapid Depolarization
2. Early Repolarization
3. Plateau Phase
4. Final Repolarization
Cardiac Cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS-All events that occur during a single heart beat.
1. Period of isovolumetric contraction
2. Period of Ejection
3. Period of isovolumetric relaxation
4. Passive ventricular filling
5. Active ventricular filing
Cardiac Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWERS-present in blood; indicator of heart damage
following heart attack
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWERS-Volume of blood pumped per minute
CO = SV x Heart Rate
Average for Rest Ex:
SV = 60 mL & HR = 70 bpm
CO = 4200 mL/min (4.2 L)
Peak Activity Ex:
SV = 85 mL & HR = 100 bpm
