AAPD QE BOARD REVIEW QS
COMPLETE DETAILED CASE STUDY
h What % of children experience caries in PRIMARY dentition ? - 60%
What % of 5 yo experience caries? - 40%
What % of 17 yo experience caries? - 68%
What % of caries in school age children is in the pit and fissure areas? - 90%
Caries is how many times more likely to be found in low SES families? - 32x more likely to have caries
High risk dietary practices appear to be established by what age? - 12 mos
Is ECC associated with breastmilk directly? - No
What type of breastfeeding leads to caries? - Ad lib breastfeeding (>7x/day) after 12 months old is
associated with ECC
When does the AAPD recommend weening from breast or bottle? - 12-18 mos
What percentage of the US population does not have F in the water? - 1/3rd
(70% of the US water is fluoridated)
If a child gets sealants, what is their caries reduction? - 72%
What is the success of sealants? - 80-90% for a decade
,When was the term "medical home" established? - 1992
When was the term "dental home" established? - 2001
When was the AAPD established ? - 1947
What type of cleaning allows for the best absorption of F? - rubber cup and tooth brush were equal,
however do not need cleaning before F application.
What is the ideal ppm of F in water? - 0.7 mm
Need supplementation <0.6 ppm
What is selective polishing? - Polishing only the teeth that are stained so that you do not remove the F
rich zone unnecessarily from other teeth that are not stained.
What is the % caries reduction with the introduction of F? - Old: 50%
Now: 25%
How much toothpaste for <3 yo? - Smear / rice
0.1 mg
How much toothpaste for 3-6 yo? - Pea
0.25 mg
How much F is in 1 mL of F varnish? - 22,500 ppm = 22.5 mg / 1mL, however there is only 0.5 mL in a
well, so it is only 11 mg of F.
,Why is F caries protective? - Enhances remineralization, inhibits demineralization, inhibits bacteria
metabolism (enolase), produces a layer for Ca and F for when the pH drops to serve as a reservoir.
What is xylitol no cariogenic? - Not metabolized by oral bacteria
What is the significance of ECC? - more risk in permanent teeth
What % of children in the US are obese? - 16.9% (this is a BMI >95%)
What is the significance of weight and periodontal disease? - In children 17-21 yo, for every kg of
increase in body weight and one cm of waist circumference, there was an increase in periodontal disease
What % of middle and hight school kids use tobacco? - Middle: 6.7%
High school: 23%
When is smoking and smokeless tobacco use initiated? - Most in adolescents, but the average age for
first cigarette is 11-12 yo .
What are the risk for infants who are exposed to tobacco? - Caries, SIDS, enamel hypoplasia, cognitive
deficits, middle ear infections
What age range do you see the most trauma to primary teeth? - 2-3 yo
What OJ increases dental trauma ? - >3 mm OJ
What is a Type I mouthguard? - custom
placed on maxilla, except in Class III
What is the percentage of carbamide peroxide that is used for bleaching? - 10-38%
, What does carbamide peroxide break down into? - Hydrogen peroxide
What is stronger? carbide peroxide or hydrogen? - Hydrogen
What is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide that is used? - 3-13%
With internal bleaching, what are the consequences? - External resorption and ankylosis
What does bleaching interact with periodontal tissue and bone? - Carbamide peroxide results in the
production of hydroxyl free radicals and this byproduct interacts with the periodontal tissue and damage
the root
What does the CO2 laser cut? - soft tissue
What does the diode laser cut ? - soft tissue
When is it safest to remove 3rd molars? - Middle of the 3rd decade, 25 yo to decrease post op
complications
What does the Nd:YAG cut? - Primarily soft tissue, but if the hard tissue lesion is pigmented like caries, it
can also cut some hard tissue.
What does the Er:YAG laser cut? - Hard tissue (both, but is used for hard)
What does codeine metabolize to? - Morphine
What is codeine not recommended in kids? - Genetic polymorphism (some are going to be fast or slow
metabolizers)
What layer do neural crest cells develop from? - Ectoderm
COMPLETE DETAILED CASE STUDY
h What % of children experience caries in PRIMARY dentition ? - 60%
What % of 5 yo experience caries? - 40%
What % of 17 yo experience caries? - 68%
What % of caries in school age children is in the pit and fissure areas? - 90%
Caries is how many times more likely to be found in low SES families? - 32x more likely to have caries
High risk dietary practices appear to be established by what age? - 12 mos
Is ECC associated with breastmilk directly? - No
What type of breastfeeding leads to caries? - Ad lib breastfeeding (>7x/day) after 12 months old is
associated with ECC
When does the AAPD recommend weening from breast or bottle? - 12-18 mos
What percentage of the US population does not have F in the water? - 1/3rd
(70% of the US water is fluoridated)
If a child gets sealants, what is their caries reduction? - 72%
What is the success of sealants? - 80-90% for a decade
,When was the term "medical home" established? - 1992
When was the term "dental home" established? - 2001
When was the AAPD established ? - 1947
What type of cleaning allows for the best absorption of F? - rubber cup and tooth brush were equal,
however do not need cleaning before F application.
What is the ideal ppm of F in water? - 0.7 mm
Need supplementation <0.6 ppm
What is selective polishing? - Polishing only the teeth that are stained so that you do not remove the F
rich zone unnecessarily from other teeth that are not stained.
What is the % caries reduction with the introduction of F? - Old: 50%
Now: 25%
How much toothpaste for <3 yo? - Smear / rice
0.1 mg
How much toothpaste for 3-6 yo? - Pea
0.25 mg
How much F is in 1 mL of F varnish? - 22,500 ppm = 22.5 mg / 1mL, however there is only 0.5 mL in a
well, so it is only 11 mg of F.
,Why is F caries protective? - Enhances remineralization, inhibits demineralization, inhibits bacteria
metabolism (enolase), produces a layer for Ca and F for when the pH drops to serve as a reservoir.
What is xylitol no cariogenic? - Not metabolized by oral bacteria
What is the significance of ECC? - more risk in permanent teeth
What % of children in the US are obese? - 16.9% (this is a BMI >95%)
What is the significance of weight and periodontal disease? - In children 17-21 yo, for every kg of
increase in body weight and one cm of waist circumference, there was an increase in periodontal disease
What % of middle and hight school kids use tobacco? - Middle: 6.7%
High school: 23%
When is smoking and smokeless tobacco use initiated? - Most in adolescents, but the average age for
first cigarette is 11-12 yo .
What are the risk for infants who are exposed to tobacco? - Caries, SIDS, enamel hypoplasia, cognitive
deficits, middle ear infections
What age range do you see the most trauma to primary teeth? - 2-3 yo
What OJ increases dental trauma ? - >3 mm OJ
What is a Type I mouthguard? - custom
placed on maxilla, except in Class III
What is the percentage of carbamide peroxide that is used for bleaching? - 10-38%
, What does carbamide peroxide break down into? - Hydrogen peroxide
What is stronger? carbide peroxide or hydrogen? - Hydrogen
What is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide that is used? - 3-13%
With internal bleaching, what are the consequences? - External resorption and ankylosis
What does bleaching interact with periodontal tissue and bone? - Carbamide peroxide results in the
production of hydroxyl free radicals and this byproduct interacts with the periodontal tissue and damage
the root
What does the CO2 laser cut? - soft tissue
What does the diode laser cut ? - soft tissue
When is it safest to remove 3rd molars? - Middle of the 3rd decade, 25 yo to decrease post op
complications
What does the Nd:YAG cut? - Primarily soft tissue, but if the hard tissue lesion is pigmented like caries, it
can also cut some hard tissue.
What does the Er:YAG laser cut? - Hard tissue (both, but is used for hard)
What does codeine metabolize to? - Morphine
What is codeine not recommended in kids? - Genetic polymorphism (some are going to be fast or slow
metabolizers)
What layer do neural crest cells develop from? - Ectoderm
