FULL REVIEW CRT/RRT (NBRC) Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version

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FULL REVIEW CRT/RRT (NBRC)
Questions and Correct Answers the
Latest Update and Recommended
Version
Ascites


• accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE


Venous distention

• -occurs with CHF
• -seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)


Capillary refill

• -indication of peripheral circulation
• -Normal < 3 seconds


Jaundice skin color

• -increase in bilirubin.
• -mostly in face and trunk


Bradypnea (oligopnea)

• -decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and irregular rhythm


Hyperpnea


• -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm


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Cheyne-Stokes

• -gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180
secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
•
• -increased ICP, meningitis, overdose


Biots


• -increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
•
• -CNS problem, head/brain injury


Kussmaul's

• -increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
• -Raspy voice


Apneustic

• prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration
•
• -respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor


cachectic

• muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone


retractions




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• -chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
• -blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
• -RDS in infants


Character of cough

• -dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
• -productive cough may indicate infection


evidence of difficult airway


• -short receding mandible (chin)
• -enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
• -bull neck
• -limited neck range-of-motion


pulsus paradoxus

• -pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate severe air trapping (status
asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)


tactile fremitus


• -vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
• -vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
• -pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
• -Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways


Crepitus


• -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates subcutaneous
emphysema


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Resonant percussion

• -hollow sound
• -normal lungs


Flat percussion

• -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis


Dull percussion


• -heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
• -pleural effusion or pneumonia


Tympanic percussion

• -heard over air-filled stomach.
• -drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume


Hyperresonant


• -found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
• -booming sound


vesicular breath sounds

• normal sounds in lungs


bronchial breath sounds




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