NURS 115 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Function of glomerulus - ANSWER making an "ultrafiltrate of urine" - final copy
-pressure is 2-3x higher than other capillaries
function of loop of henle - ANSWER regulates concentration of water.
reabsorbs water, solutes, necessities thru osmosis. What is not needed is excreted.
urinalysis (UA) - ANSWER PURPOSE: hydration status
-approx. 95% water and 5% fluids
-measures concentration of urine (specific gravity), weight of particles
pH of urinalysis - ANSWER 4.5-8 (avg 6.0)
osmolarity (concentration) of urine - "specific gravity" - ANSWER 1.010-1.025
specific gravity high - ANSWER dehydrated (more concentrated urine)
specific gravity low - ANSWER decreased renal function (unable to concentrate, or too
much water intake)
abnormals of urine - ANSWER presence of RBCs, WBCs (infection), bacteria, casts,
crystals, protein molecules (pregnancy or gluomerular problems), glucose (diabetes),
ketones (diabetic ketoacidosis), etc.
,oliguria - ANSWER decreased urine output, late sign to a severely reduced cardiac
output and resultant renal failure
bilburin in urine indicates. - ANSWER liver problem, hepatitis, or gallbladder problem
creatinine - ANSWER PURPOSE: how are the kidneys functioning?
-reflects GFR
-urine serum levels
-identifies renal problem quicker than BUN
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
not being in creatinine's normal range of 0.6-1.2 mg/dL can indicate. - ANSWER if 2x
more than normal, renal function is lost.
if 10 mg/dL or more, 90% if renal function is lost
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER PURPOSE: how kidneys are functioning
-taken via blood
-unlike creatinine, levels can be affected by protein intake, GI bleed, and dehydration
how much of the renal function must be gone before BUN is increased? - ANSWER 2/3
normal range for BUN - ANSWER 8.0-20.0 mg/dL
creatinine clearance rate - ANSWER two ways
, 1) 24 hr urine - select a time period. If done at home, keep over ice or in refrigerator.
Draw blood afterwards.
2) two 1-hr urine are collected with blood drawing in between
normal: 100-125 ml/min
cytoscopy - ANSWER direct visualization of the internal structures
-can reveal stone formation, biopsies, lesion.
-VERY INVASIVE
ultrasonography - ANSWER high-frequency sound waves are utilized to visualize deep
structures
-not invasive or patient prepatory needed unlike cytoscopy
radiology studies-ANSWER CAT scan, flat plate films, IVP, MRI, radioactive imagery
IVP-ANSWER dye can make it hard for kidneys to excrete it after radiology studies are
completed
RAAS-ANSWER when kidneys sense a low bp via juxtaglomerular cells, renin is
released.
angiotensin- constriction the arterioles
aldosterone is produced which results in sodium and water retention
Function of glomerulus - ANSWER making an "ultrafiltrate of urine" - final copy
-pressure is 2-3x higher than other capillaries
function of loop of henle - ANSWER regulates concentration of water.
reabsorbs water, solutes, necessities thru osmosis. What is not needed is excreted.
urinalysis (UA) - ANSWER PURPOSE: hydration status
-approx. 95% water and 5% fluids
-measures concentration of urine (specific gravity), weight of particles
pH of urinalysis - ANSWER 4.5-8 (avg 6.0)
osmolarity (concentration) of urine - "specific gravity" - ANSWER 1.010-1.025
specific gravity high - ANSWER dehydrated (more concentrated urine)
specific gravity low - ANSWER decreased renal function (unable to concentrate, or too
much water intake)
abnormals of urine - ANSWER presence of RBCs, WBCs (infection), bacteria, casts,
crystals, protein molecules (pregnancy or gluomerular problems), glucose (diabetes),
ketones (diabetic ketoacidosis), etc.
,oliguria - ANSWER decreased urine output, late sign to a severely reduced cardiac
output and resultant renal failure
bilburin in urine indicates. - ANSWER liver problem, hepatitis, or gallbladder problem
creatinine - ANSWER PURPOSE: how are the kidneys functioning?
-reflects GFR
-urine serum levels
-identifies renal problem quicker than BUN
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
not being in creatinine's normal range of 0.6-1.2 mg/dL can indicate. - ANSWER if 2x
more than normal, renal function is lost.
if 10 mg/dL or more, 90% if renal function is lost
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER PURPOSE: how kidneys are functioning
-taken via blood
-unlike creatinine, levels can be affected by protein intake, GI bleed, and dehydration
how much of the renal function must be gone before BUN is increased? - ANSWER 2/3
normal range for BUN - ANSWER 8.0-20.0 mg/dL
creatinine clearance rate - ANSWER two ways
, 1) 24 hr urine - select a time period. If done at home, keep over ice or in refrigerator.
Draw blood afterwards.
2) two 1-hr urine are collected with blood drawing in between
normal: 100-125 ml/min
cytoscopy - ANSWER direct visualization of the internal structures
-can reveal stone formation, biopsies, lesion.
-VERY INVASIVE
ultrasonography - ANSWER high-frequency sound waves are utilized to visualize deep
structures
-not invasive or patient prepatory needed unlike cytoscopy
radiology studies-ANSWER CAT scan, flat plate films, IVP, MRI, radioactive imagery
IVP-ANSWER dye can make it hard for kidneys to excrete it after radiology studies are
completed
RAAS-ANSWER when kidneys sense a low bp via juxtaglomerular cells, renin is
released.
angiotensin- constriction the arterioles
aldosterone is produced which results in sodium and water retention
