BACK ANATOMY final exam with correct answer

BACK ANATOMY final exam with correct
answers



Accessory process: - CORRECT ANSWERS-on posterior surface of the base of the
transverse processes and provides attachment for the intertransversarii muscles

Ala: - CORRECT ANSWERS-represents the fused transverse processes of sacral
vertebrae

Alar ligaments: - CORRECT ANSWERS-extend superolaterally from each side of dens
to lateral margin of FM. Check ligaments, prevent excessive rotation of the joints

Anterior and posterior sacral foramina: - CORRECT ANSWERS-exit for the anterior and
posterior rami of spinal nerves

Anterior atlanto-axial membrane: - CORRECT ANSWERS-extends from anterior arches
of Atlas to anterior arches of Axis. Merges with anterior longitudinal ligament in the
center

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane: - CORRECT ANSWERS-extends from anterior
arches of Atlas to anterior margin of FM. Merges with anterior longitudinal ligament in
the center

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL): - CORRECT ANSWERS-strong, broad fibrous
band covering and connecting the anterolateral aspects of vertebral bodies and IV
disks. Extends from anterior aspect of FM to pelvic surface of sacrum. Limits extension
(only ligament that limits extension)

Apex: - CORRECT ANSWERS-inferior end that articulates with coccyx

Articular processes: - CORRECT ANSWERS-project from the junction of pedicles and
laminae. Each bears an articular surface (or facet)

Atlanto-occipital joint: - CORRECT ANSWERS-synovial joint, with thin, loose capsule
between superior articular facets of the Atlas and the condyles of the occipital bone.
Flexion & extension (e.g. nodding). Anatomical equivalent of zygapophysial joint

atlas vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWERS-

, Back comprises of: - CORRECT ANSWERS-posterior aspect of the trunk, between
neck and buttocks

Back muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS-Support and move the vertebral column
Divided into extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles

Base of sacrum: - CORRECT ANSWERS-superior surface of S1 vertebra

C2 - CORRECT ANSWERS-

C3 - C7 (typical vertebrae) - CORRECT ANSWERS--Body
-Transverse process
-Transverse foramina: vertebral artery goes through C3 - C6, but no C7
-Anterior tubercle: muscle attachment
-Posterior tubercle: muscle attachment
-Pedicles
-Lamina
-Superior articulate facet: more transverse plane to allow more articulation, gliding
movement
-Inferior articulate facet: more transverse plane to allow more articulation, gliding
movement
-Vertebral foramen: triangular and large, contains large portion of spinal cord
-Uncus of body: raised lateral margins of the superior surface of cervical vertebrae C3 -
C7
-Spinous process: bifurcated in whites, but not as common in blacks or females. C7
(vertebra prominens): defines the inferior limit of the neck posteriorly.

Cause of spina bifida: - CORRECT ANSWERS-folic acid deficiency

Characteristics of C1 - CORRECT ANSWERS--Carries the cranium
-No body
-Anterior arch
-Anterior tubercle
-Articular facet for dens: on posterior surface of the anterior arch
-Lateral masses: bear the weight of cranium
-Transverse process: project laterally, and are relatively flat
-Transverse foramen: passage for vertebral arteries and accompanying veins
-Superior articular facet: articulates with occipital condyle
-2 Inferior articular facet: articulates with axis (C2)
-Tubercle for transverse ligament of Atlas: the ligament helps to hold the dens of C2 in
place
-Posterior arch
-Posterior tubercle
--Groove for vertebral artery: allows passage for vertebral artery into cranium